MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER BASINS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN SLOPE OF THE CRIMEAN MOUNTAINS (ZAPADNYY BULGANAK, ALMA, KACHA, BELBEK, CHERNAYA RIVER BASINS)

Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya rivers belong to the rivers of the north-western slope of the Crimean Mountains. The sources of the rivers are located on the north-western slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, then the rivers flow from east to west almost parallel to each other. Up to about the middle of their course, they have a character typical of mountain streams (except for the Zapadnyy Bulganak River). The river valleys in the upper reaches are V-shaped, narrow, their slopes are dissected by numerous gullies and tributaries. There are almost no tributaries in the middle and lower reaches. In the low-water period (low-water period), drying is observed in the estuaries of rivers. The catchment basins have an elongated shape along the river, expanded in the upper part, which is the main feeding area.The considered river basins, although they have, in comparison with the rest, the river basins of the Crimean Peninsula, are better studied in general, but they are not sufficiently studied. In the article author deals with the main morphometric characteristics of river basins of the North-Western slope of the Crimean Mountains. Using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and ArcGIS software for river basins Zapadnyy Bulganak, Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya are analyzed the following morphometric parameters – area of the basin, the symmetry of the basin, length of the basin, width of the basin, configuration and irregularity of the outline of river basin, the highest and lowest elevation within the basin, the average altitude of the river basin, the average slope of the river basin. Some of the morphometric indicators are calculated for the first time. For morphometric indicators that were partially previously calculated using topographic maps and published in literature, a comparison and analysis with the calculated data is provided. It is established that the using of SRTM and the ArcGIS software allows for fairly accurate measurements of morphometric indicators of the river basin.

THE SPECIFICS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL TOURISM FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

The article presents an overview of the region’s opportunities for organizing affordable tourism, based on research conducted in the region. The collected materials reflect the difficulties in the studied direction of tourism and emphasize what needs to be paid attention to, show the interest of consumers. The materials received will improve the quality of services provided for children with disabilities

LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE PARK «AREY»

The development of domestic tourism in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation is based on visiting the most popular places of recreation: beautiful landscapes, rivers and lakes, mineral springs, including in protected natural areas (PNA). Increased mobility of the population leads to increased recreational flows, and as a result, a multiple increase in recreational loads on natural objects and landscapes of protected areas. The potential for long-term sustainable use of such territories should be regularly assessed. The purpose of the study is to assess the recreational impact on natural complexes and develop recommendations for reducing the anthropogenic load in the Park «Arey» in the Transbaikal territory. In September 2019, diagnostic studies of the state of the recreation area of the Park were conducted, which included landscape studies at key sites . The works were carried out using the route-reconnaissance method. The key sites were selected based on the types of natural and territorial complexes that lead to the lake shore. To assess the degradation of biocomplexes in key areas, we determined the terrain features, the stage of recreational forest degradation, and the floral composition. According to expert estimates, an average of 30 thousand people visit the Park annually, mainly in the period from June to September. The season of intensive recreational activity is short — 45–50 days. The maximum load is observed from 5 to 25 July. The Park was created in 2013. The Directorate of the Park «Arey» partially improved the recreational area and restricted vehicle access to the Northern shore of the lake and to the coastal zone. This generally had a positive impact on the landscape and aesthetic condition of the territory, it was noted: 1) reduction of the number of campfires on the entire coast; 2) reduction of the number of felled and damaged trees; 3) overgrowing of clearings with the growth of trees and shrubs, outside the places of concentration of recreants. At the same time, the most vulnerable and affected areas of the coast were identified. The most noticeable deterioration of ecosystems is in the southern and south-western sections of the recreational zone. The territory is characterized by the V stage of forest digression; the territories of the «Kristall base» are at the IV stage of digression, and the rest of the coast is characterized mainly by the III stage. In General, the recreational use of the southern coast of lake Ares exceeds the potential for restoration of natural complexes, where not only the vegetation cover, but also the soil has undergone significant changes. Here you can expect rapid degradation and death of woody vegetation, which will lead to increased erosion of sandy soils and change the overall appearance of the landscape. It is necessary to note the problem for the territory of the Park — the state of the territories where recreation centers and campsites are located does not meet sanitary standards Based on the results obtained, recommendations were developed to reduce the degree of anthropogenic impact on natural complexes. It is necessary to make a number of management and planning decisions: the formation of a road and path network, the concentration of visitors in equipped places, the organization of attendance records, and the updating of sanitary and hygienic infrastructure. The combined development of recreational and environmental activities is a key element in the organization of the Park. The condition for achieving both goals will be to improve the infrastructure of the recreational area

THE SPECIFICS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL TOURISM FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES

In this article, based on the data on the convective heat transfer from the mantle wedge to the 2D heat flow anomaly observed in the rear of the Central Crimean arch, the angle of inclination of the mantle wedge and the rate of subduction of the East Black Sea lithospheric plate under the lithosphere of the Scythian continental plate (Crimean region) are estimated. The effects of the 410 km and 660 km phase transitions are taken into account. Within the framework of the geodynamic model constructed the horizontal extent of the 2D heat flux anomaly observed in the rear of the Crimea mountain belt corresponds to subduction velocity of ~ 40 mm per year which is close to that observed with the help of geodetic means. Ascending convective movements in the mantle can carry mantle calcareous-alkaline magmas (with hydrocarbon geo-fluids contained in them) into the near-surface layers of the Earth’s crust, and, consequently, oil and gas fields should be confined to zones located in the upper part of the lithosphere, above the convective vortices of the Karig.