Central Motor Conduction Time to Upper and Lower Limbs in Cervical Cord Lesions

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brunholzl ◽  
D. Claus
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Central Motor Conduction Time

scholarly journals Motor disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: transcranial magnetic stimulation study

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anssam Bassem Mohy ◽  
Aqeel Kareem Hatem ◽  
Hussein Ghani Kadoori ◽  
Farqad Bader Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Motor Disability

Abstract Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle to evaluate the damage that occurs in MS. Objectives The study aims to investigate whether single-pulse TMS measures differ between patients with MS and healthy controls and to consider if these measures are associated with clinical disability. Patients and methods Single-pulse TMS was performed in 26 patients with MS who hand an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 9.5 and in 26 normal subjects. Different TMS parameters from upper and lower limbs were investigated. Results TMS disclosed no difference in all MEP parameters between the right and left side of the upper and lower limbs in patients with MS and controls. In all patients, TMS parameters were different from the control group. Upper limb central motor conduction time (CMCT) was prolonged in MS patients with pyramidal signs. Upper and lower limb CMCT and CMCT-f wave (CMCT-f) were prolonged in patients with ataxia. Moreover, CMCT and CMCT-f were prolonged in MS patients with EDSS of 5–9.5 as compared to those with a score of 0–4.5. EDSS correlated with upper and lower limb cortical latency (CL), CMCT, and CMCT-f whereas motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude not. Conclusion TMS yields objective data to evaluate clinical disability and its parameters correlated well with EDSS.

Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Filum Terminale ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Lumbar Vertebral Body

The spinal cord begins as the cervical cord immediately below the medulla and extends through the spinal canal, where it becomes the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal parts of the cord. In most persons, the spinal cord proper ends at the lower portion of the first lumbar vertebral body, where it forms the conus medullaris and, finally, the filum terminale. A cervical enlargement contains the innervation pathways of the upper limbs; a lumbar enlargement contains the pathways of the lower limbs. This chapter reviews ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Adjunct Diagnostic Value of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mucopolysaccharidosis-Related Cervical Myelopathy: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariagiovanna Cantone ◽  
Giuseppe Lanza ◽  
Alice Le Pira ◽  
Rita Barone ◽  
Giovanni Pennisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Monitoring Methods

Background: Cervical myelopathy (CM) is a common cause of morbidity and disability in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and, therefore, early detection is crucial for the best surgical intervention and follow-up. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) non-invasively evaluates the conduction through the cortico-spinal tract, also allowing preclinical diagnosis and monitoring. Methods: Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS were recorded in a group of eight patients with MPS-related CM. Responses were obtained during mild tonic muscular activation by means of a circular coil held on the “hot spot” of the first dorsal interosseous and tibialis anterior muscles, bilaterally. The motor latency by cervical or lumbar magnetic stimulation was subtracted from the MEP cortical latency to obtain the central motor conduction time. The MEP amplitude from peak to peak to cortical stimulation and the interside difference of each measure were also calculated. Results: TMS revealed abnormal findings from both upper and lower limbs compatible with axonal damage and demyelination in six of them. Notably, a subclinical cervical spinal disease was detected before the occurrence of an overt CM in two patients, whereas TMS signs compatible with a CM of variable degree persisted despite surgery in all treated subjects. Conclusions: TMS can be viewed as an adjunct diagnostic test pending further rigorous investigations.

58. Central motor conduction time along the phrenic nerve pathway and fiber tracking in Chiari and Syringomyelia

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. e337
Author(s):  
P. Ciaramitaro ◽  
M. Ferraris ◽  
E. Spagone ◽  
S. Giorgi ◽  
E. Peci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Fiber Tracking ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Central Motor Conduction Time
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