3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors and the Presence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: Females with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at greater risk of frailty than males. Little is known about how age and disease-related characteristics influence frailty in females with PD because frailty studies often exclude persons with underlying neurological pathologies. Objective: To determine age and diseaserelated characteristics that best explain physical frailty in community-dwelling females with and without PD. Design & Measurement: Correlation coefficients described relationships between PD-related characteristics and physical frailty phenotype criteria (Cardiovascular Health Study). Regression analysis identified associations between disease-related characteristics and frailty in non-PD and PD females. Setting: Community-dwelling. Participants: Females with mild to moderate PD (n = 17, mean age = 66 ± 8.5 years) and non-PD (n = 18, mean age = 72 ± 13.2 years) participated. Results: Daily carbidopa-levodopa dose best explained frailty in PD females (β = 0.5), whereas in non-PD females, age (β = 0.7) and comorbidity (β = 0.5) were most associated with frailty. Conclusions: Dopaminergic medication explained frailty in PD and not measures of disease progression (i.e. severity, duration). In females without PD age-related accumulation of comorbidities resulted in greater risk of frailty. This indicates dopaminergic management of PD symptoms may better reflect frailty in females with PD than disease severity or duration. These data suggest the influence of underlying frailty should be considered when managing neurological conditions. Understanding how frailty concurrently exists with PD and how these conditions progress within the aging female will facilitate future care management.

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HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins): Do They Have a Role in Age-related Macular Degeneration?

Survey of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.12.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 194-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Robyn Heather Guymer ◽

Anthony Wai-ip Chiu ◽

Lyndell Lim ◽

Paul Nigel Baird

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Reductase Inhibitors ◽

Age Related ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitors ◽

Coa Reductase

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Early age-related maculopathy in the cardiovascular health study

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/s0161-6420(02)01565-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Ronald Klein ◽

Barbara E.K Klein ◽

Emily K Marino ◽

Lewis H Kuller ◽

Curt Furberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Early Age ◽

Age Related

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Age-Related Trends in Cardiovascular Morbidity and Physical Functioning in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06451.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 1047-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Diane E. Bild ◽

Annette Fitzpatrick ◽

Linda P. Fried ◽

Nathan D. Wong ◽

Mary N. Haan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Functioning ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Age Related

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Frailty, fitness, and the mathematics of deficit accumulation

Reviews in Clinical Gerontology ◽

10.1017/s0959259807002353 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kenneth Rockwood ◽

Arnold Mitnitski

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Geriatric Medicine ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Study ◽

Cardiovascular Health Study ◽

Deficit Accumulation ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Consensus Conferences ◽

Age Related ◽

Definition Of

The daily clinical practice of geriatric medicine is a grapple with complexity. The elderly patients who come to geriatricians typically have multiple, interacting, age-related physiological impairments, some of which manifest as medical problems. These interact with various social vulnerability factors to put them at risk, and to define them as being frail. This view of frailty, as a multiple-determined state of vulnerability has broad support, but how best to operationalize frailty is rather more controversial. Some of the proposed operational definitions receive more widespread support than others. In particular, the ‘phenotypic’ definition of frailty used in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) has been endorsed at consensus conferences and employed by several groups. Indeed, it has even been claimed that ‘the terms “frail” and “frailty” should be avoided except when used in the context of a CHS assessment.’

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