A Comparison of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Lactate Infusion in the Induction of Panic Attacks

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Lactate Infusion

Comparison of Sodium Lactate Infusion and Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Panic Provocation Tests: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Tural ◽  
Dan V. Iosifescu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Provocation Test ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Provocation Tests ◽  
Inhalation Challenge ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Lactate Infusion ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Sodium lactate (NaL) infusion and carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation are proven to provoke acute panic attacks (PAs) in patients with panic disorder (PD). A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effect sizes of these methods. Methods Odds ratios were calculated for each of the original studies and were pooled using the random-effects model. Results Either NaL or CO2 provocations significantly increased the rates of PAs in individuals with PD compared to those in healthy controls. However, the effect size of NaL infusion (OR=25.13, 95% CI=15.48–40.80) was significantly greater than that of CO2 inhalation (OR=10.58, 95%CI=7.88–14.21). Conclusion The evidence for the efficacy of the two panic provocation tests is very strong. Yet, the results support the superiority of NaL infusion over CO2 inhalation challenge as a panic provocation test. Thus, lactate seems a much stronger stimulus than CO2 for the brain suffocation detector.

Nocturnal and daytime panic attacks—comparison of sleep architecture, heart rate variability, and response to sodium lactate challenge

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen P Sloan ◽  
Madhu Natarajan ◽  
Brian Baker ◽  
Paul Dorian ◽  
Dmitry Mironov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Sleep Architecture
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