League of Nations—Health Organisation. International Health Year-Book, 1927. (Third Year.) Reports on the Public Health Progress of Twenty-Seven Countries in 1926.

1928 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 666
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Progress

Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M Burkle ◽  
Christopher M Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

scholarly journals The Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations: Public Health in Europe (1920-1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Josep L. Barona
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
International Health ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Stabilization Policies ◽  
Post War

The Rockefeller Foundation (RF) and the League of Nations (LON) played a fundamental role in stabilization policies during the interwar period. Public health became essential in this context due to the immediate consequences of the war, the post-war economic crisis and the Great Depression. RF and LON became the cornerstone of international action in several fields: epidemics, famine, malnutrition, infectious diseases, infant mortality, drug abuse, biological and dietary standard-setting, epidemiological records, public health policies and professionalization. In the shaping international health expertise, LON and RF collaboration was extremely important, in terms of determining goals and programmes, and in terms of financial support. This article analyses the areas and the extent of their collaboration in Europe.

scholarly journals Preventive Medicine in Relation to Aviation

1939 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Night Blindness ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aerial Navigation ◽  
Ocular Fatigue ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction—The progress of aviation.The protection of communities against diseases liable to be imported by aircraft.Relationship between the incubation period of infectious diseases and time taken by air journeys to distant lands.Administrative measures for the sanitary control of air-traffic:—The International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation (1993). The role of the Office International d'Hygiène Publique, and the Health Organization of the League of Nations. The Public Health (Aircraft) Regulations, 1938. Types of aerodromes for sanitary purposes.Practical measures for the sanitary control of aerodromes and aircraft especially as regards insects, passengers, and freight.Possible transmission of yellow fever by aircraft: antimeasures, including vaccination.The protection of flying personnel against diseases due to flying.Vision—glare; ocular fatigue of night and blind flying; blacking-out; night blindness. Hearing — Noise; aerial telephony; middle-ear deafness, and excessive vestibular stimulation. Respiration—oxygen want. Fatigue. Digestion—ballooning of stomach; air-sickness; rations for long-distance flights; water supply.

Public/Private Partnerships in the Public Health Sector

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Burci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Cooperation

AbstractThis article reviews and analyses the growing phenomenon of public-private partnerships in the field of international public health cooperation (PPPs). This trend has been led by the changing political dynamics surrounding international health issues as well as by the perception of the inadequacy of market mechanisms and the inability of existing international institutions for tackling pressing health problems in developing countries. The article analyses in particular the remarkable developments in international health governance that PPPs have ushered in as well as the role played and the challenges faced by the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals The practicality of telemedicine and telehealth during the COVID-19 global outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ohannessian ◽  
S Yaghobian
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
International Health ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
The Usa

Abstract On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) for the COVID-19 outbreak. On 7 March 2020, there were more than 100,000 confirmed cases in 88 countries. Telemedicine, otherwise known as telehealth, has been used at small scale in past outbreaks, including previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS; MERS) and other PHEICs (Ebola; Zika). The objective was to describe the global larger scale use and practicality of telehealth in the COVID-19 outbreak. The 2015 conceptual framework of telemedicine during an outbreak for epidemiological assessment and clinical management (Ohannessian R.) was used to describe the use cases. A multi-country analysis from China, France, USA and UK was performed with a literature review using official institution websites, grey literature, media/business reports, as scientific articles were not yet published. Video and chat consultations were used for symptomatic patient assessments through private telehealth providers in all countries. In the USA, the Telehealth Services During Certain Emergency Periods Act of 2020 was voted by the Congress on 4 March 2020 to suspend restrictive rules of Medicare funding for telehealth home consultations. Triage via online auto-questionnaires were created by private providers and public authorities. In the UK, from 26 February to 2 March, 70,000 enquiries were made to a dedicated NHS111 online service. In China, teleradiology networks were also used for diagnostic of COVID-19 cases. Video consultation was used in France to monitor home isolated patients and non COVID-19 patients, to avoid risks of exposure. Telehealth has been useful to the COVID-19 outbreak but efforts to better describe cases and evaluate impact on the public health response should be promoted. National and international health authorities should be aware of the opportunities offered by telehealth during outbreaks, and may consider its integration in public health emergencies preparedness plans. Key messages Telehealth was useful for the public health response to COVID19 outbreak. Telehealth should be integrated into public health preparedness plans.

(Re)invigorating the health protection objective of the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

Legal Studies ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-649
Author(s):  
William Onzivu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Basel Convention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Health Objective

The public health challenges of moving dangerous substances across jurisdictions have led to a renewed international focus on the importance of the health perspective in the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. This paper systematically reviews the health dimensions of the Basel Convention and the ways in which the Convention can be strengthened. It analyses the limits of the health objective of the Convention in promoting public health and the environment and the potential for optimising it. The paper argues that an examination of the Convention's substantive, procedural, and institutional and implementation mechanisms highlights its failure to fully achieve its potential for health protection. Parties to the Convention have initiated measures to address this issue, but the design and functioning of the Convention itself constrain the full achievement of health goals, which in turn undermines the protection of human health and the environment. To optimise the health promotion, the author argues for an adaptive governance framework by bolstering the governance mechanisms of the Convention and the Secretariat, strengthening health cooperation between international health agencies and improving domestic implementation of the Convention by its Member States.

scholarly journals Public health response to two incidents of confirmed MERS-CoV cases travelling on flights through London Heathrow Airport in 2014 – lessons learnt

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Parry-Ford ◽  
N Boddington ◽  
R Pebody ◽  
N Phin ◽  
Collective on behalf of the Incident Management Team
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Health Organization

In May 2014, Public Health England was alerted to two separate laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection who transited through London Heathrow Airport while symptomatic on flights from Saudi Arabia to the United States of America. We present the rationale for the public health response to both incidents, and report results of contact tracing. Following a risk assessment, passengers seated two seats around the cases were prioritised for contact tracing and a proactive media approach was used to alert all passengers on the planes of their possible exposure in both incidents. In total, 64 United Kingdom (UK) residents were successfully contacted, 14 of whom were sat in the priority area two seats all around the case(s). Five passengers reported respiratory symptoms within 14 days of the flight, but all tested were negative for MERS-CoV. Details of non-UK residents were passed on to relevant World Health Organization International Health Regulation focal points for follow-up, and no further cases were reported back. Different approaches were used to manage contact tracing for each flight due to variations in the quality and timeliness of the passenger contact information provided by the airlines involved. No evidence of symptomatic onward transmission was found.

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