Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Individuals

Abstract Abstract SCI-2 A prominent manifestation of aging is a reduced ability to respond to environmental stressors, including heat and oxidative stress. Reduced stress tolerance and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis are at least partially responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality that occurs with advancing age. The age-related attenuation of stress pathways and increased expression of stress-response genes with aging are examples of the growing body of evidence linking reduced stress responsiveness to aging. In 1935, McCay and colleagues first reported that reducing the caloric intake of rodents could significantly lengthen their mean and maximal life span, slowing down basic aging processes. The effect of calorie restriction (CR) on delaying aging has been replicated in many animal species including nonhuman primates, although in these, potential life span alterations cannot be ascertained for several more years due to their longevity CR causes a reduction in body weight, tissue growth, blood glucose, insulin levels and body temperature. In addition, CR prevents the age-related decline in tolerance to different stressors such as oxidative and heat, and the age-related reduction in expression of protective heat shock and oxidative stress proteins. While CR is the only intervention that has consistently been shown to increase maximum life span and prevent or delay the onset of age-associated pathophysiological changes in laboratory rodents, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Using calorie restriction (CR) as their benchmark research tool, gerontologists are making progress in identifying dietary and pharmacologic interventions that may be applicable to retarding aging processes in humans. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Long-Term Effect of Mediterranean-Style Diet and Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Men

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.4061/2011/293916 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Katherine Esposito ◽

Carmen Di Palo ◽

Maria Ida Maiorino ◽

Michela Petrizzo ◽

Giuseppe Bellastella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Diet Group ◽

Biomarkers Of Aging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Conventional Diet ◽

Significant Amelioration ◽

Overweight Group ◽

And Oxidative Stress

We report the effects of a Mediterranean-style diet, with or without calorie restriction, on biomarkers of aging and oxidative stress in overweight men. 192 men were randomly assigned to either a Mediterranean-style diet or a conventional diet. The intervention program was based on implementation of a Mediterranean dietary pattern in the overweight group (MED diet group), associated with calorie restriction and increased physical activity in the obese group (lifestyle group). Both groups were compared with participants in two matched control groups (advice groups). After 2 years, there was a significant difference in weight loss between groups, which was −14 kg (95% CI −20 to −8) in lifestyle groups and −2.0 kg (−4.4 to 0) in the advice groups, with a difference of −11.9 kg (CI −19 to −4.7 kg, ); moreover, there was a significant difference between groups at 2 years for insulin (), 8-iso-PGF2α(), glucose (), and adiponectin (). Prolonged adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, with or without caloric restriction, in overweight or obese men is associated with significant amelioration of multiple risk factors, including a better cardiovascular risk profile, reduced oxidative stress, and improved insulin sensitivity.

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A Boolean probabilistic model of metabolic adaptation to oxygen in relation to iron homeostasis and oxidative stress

BMC Systems Biology ◽

10.1186/1752-0509-5-51 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fiona Achcar ◽

Jean-Michel Camadro ◽

Denis Mestivier

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Probabilistic Model ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Unbiased in vivo exploration of nuclear bodies-enhanced sumoylation reveals that PML orchestrates embryonic stem cell fate

10.1101/2021.06.29.450368 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Tessier ◽

Omar Ferhi ◽

Marie-Claude Geoffroy ◽

Roman Gonzalez-Prieto ◽

Antoine Canat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Nuclear Bodies ◽

Metabolic Adaptation ◽

Stem Cell Fate ◽

Protective Environment ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Membrane-less organelles are condensates formed by phase separation whose functions often remain enigmatic. Upon oxidative stress, PML scaffolds Nuclear Bodies (NBs) to regulate senescence or metabolic adaptation, but their role in pluripotency remains elusive. Here we establish that PML is required for basal SUMO2/3 conjugation in mESCs and oxidative stress-driven sumoylation in mESCs or in vivo. PML NBs create an oxidation-protective environment for UBC9-driven SUMO2/3 conjugation of PML partners, often followed by their poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Differential in vivo proteomics identified several members of the KAP1 complex as PML NB-dependent SUMO2-targets. The latter drives functional activation of this key epigenetic repressor. Accordingly, Pml-/- mESCs re-express transposable elements and display features of totipotent-like cells, a process further enforced by PML-controlled SUMO2-conjugation of DPPA2. Finally, PML is required for adaptive stress responses in mESCs. Collectively, PML orchestrates mESC fate through SUMO2-conjugation of key transcriptional or epigenetic regulators, raising new mechanistic hypotheses about PML roles in normal or cancer stem cells.

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