Association of Radiation Dose With Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Among Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed in Childhood (2007-2011)

Abstract Radiation exposure is a possible predisposing factor for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), but the association has been uncertain. We investigated the relationship between radiation exposure and MGUS prevalence by using data from the M-protein screening for Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors between 1988 and 2004. Radiation exposure was assessed by exposure distance from the hypocenter and exposure radiation dose. We computed prevalence ratios (PRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for exposure age and sex. A total of 1082 cases of MGUS were identified from 52 525 participants. MGUS prevalence was significantly higher in people exposed at distance within 1.5 km than beyond 3.0 km (PR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9) among those exposed at age 20 years or younger, but it was not found among those exposed at age 20 years or older. MGUS prevalence was also significantly higher in people exposed to more than 0.1 Gy than those exposed to less than 0.01 Gy (PR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8) among those exposed at age 20 years or younger. Thus, people exposed at younger age exhibited a significantly high risk of MGUS when exposed to a high radiation dose. There was no clear association between radiation exposure and the malignant progression of MGUS. Further detailed analysis is needed.

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Radiation Dose Responses, Thresholds, and False Negative Rates in a Series of Cataract Surgery Prevalence Studies among Atomic Bomb Survivors

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/hp.0b013e3182932e4c ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eiji Nakashima ◽

Kazuo Neriishi ◽

Atsushi Minamoto ◽

Waka Ohishi ◽

Masazumi Akahoshi

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

False Negative ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽

Dose Responses

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GAMOS DICOM Simulation on Occupational EL Dose due to 99mTc and 131I Exposures in Nuclear Medicine Departments

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences ◽

10.4197/eng.30-1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 65-78

Author(s):

Abdulmalek Rajkhan Abdulmalek Rajkhan

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Radiation Hazard ◽

Dose Limit ◽

Dicom Image ◽

Annual Dose ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors

Radiation induced cataracts is a disease that is common amongst radiation exposed staff. About 30 percent of retired occupational radiation workers developed eye lens (EL) cataracts. Epidemiological studies on radiation therapy patients, occupational workers, and atomic bomb survivors show that 0.5 Gy of acute or fractioned radiation dose to EL causes one or both lens to cloud. The annual EL dose limit drawn by the International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) was 150 mSv and was changed in 2012 to 20 mSv averaged over 5 years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. The limited number of researche done in Nuclear Medicine (NM) clinics with the Hp(3) dosimeters suggest that the annual EL dose from three procedures is measured to be between 4.5 and 9 mSv (i.e. dispensing, preparing and administering). These procedures are performed when the radioactive materials are in closed shielded containers or behind a barrier. Common radioactive material handled by occupational workers in NM clinics are 99mTc and 131I. They pose less radiation hazard to workers EL in the three procedures when they are behind shielded containers. Moreover, once the radioactive material is administered into patients, they become open sources and pose more radiation hazard to workers. The Hp(3) dosimeter is a new uncommon dosimeter. Many radiation facilities use the Hp(0.07) and Hp(10) dosimeters coupled with many conditions and conversion factors to find approximate results. Therefore, simulations are performed to find the EL dose. However, some simulations are performed with little flexibility in simulation geometry, others utilize low-quality phantoms or present the simulation results in terms of fluxes or energy ranges. In the present study, the NM worker EL dose is simulated by utilizing a high-resolution Digital Imagning Communication in Medicine (DICOM) image in GEANT4 Archeticture for Medical Oriented Simulation (GAMOS). A water cylinder homogenously filled by radioactive material, representing the administered patient, was created in the simulation. The worker exposure scenario was simulated by placing the cylinder in three different directions and five different distances with respect to the DICOM image. The results of the simulation reveal that the highest occupational EL radiation dose is received from the anterior-posterior direction, followed by the lateral, and the posterior-anterior directions. The results of the conservative simulated scenario reveal that the worker EL dose is exposed to three tenths of the annual dose limit after 110 131I patients, or 300 99mTc patients.

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Incidence of Leukemia in Atomic Bomb Survivors Belonging to a Fixed Cohort in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-71 Radiation dose, years after exposure, age at exposure, and type of leukemia

Journal of Radiation Research ◽

10.1269/jrr.19.262 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 262-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

MICHITO ICHIMARU ◽

TORANOSUKE ISHIMARU ◽

JOSEPH L. BELSKY

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽

Exposure Age ◽

Age At Exposure

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Incidence of lymphoid neoplasms among atomic bomb survivors by histological subtype: 1950-1994

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.2020010475 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megumu Fujihara ◽

Ritsu Sakata ◽

Noriaki Yoshida ◽

Kotaro Ozasa ◽

Dale L Preston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

B Cell ◽

Dose Response ◽

Atomic Bomb ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Precursor Cell ◽

Atomic Bomb Survivors ◽

Lymphoid Neoplasms ◽

The Relationship

Epidemiological data have provided limited and inconsistent evidence on the relationship between radiation exposure and lymphoid neoplasms. We classified 553 lymphoid neoplasm cases diagnosed between 1950 and 1994 in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors into WHO subtypes. Mature B-cell neoplasms represented 58%, mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms 20%; precursor cell neoplasms, 5%, and Hodgkin lymphoma, 3%; with the remaining 15% classified as non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms or lymphoid neoplasms, not otherwise specified. We used Poisson regression methods to assess the relationship between radiation exposure and the more common subtypes. As in earlier reports, a significant dose response for non-Hodgkin lymphoid neoplasms as a group was seen for males but not females. However, subtype analyses showed that radiation dose was strongly associated with increased precursor cell neoplasms rates, with an estimated excess relative risk per Gy of 16 (95% Confidence interval: 7.0, >533) at age 50. The current data based primarily of tissue-based diagnoses suggest that the association between radiation dose and lymphoid neoplasms as a group is largely driven by the radiation effect on precursor cell neoplasms while presenting no evidence of a radiation dose response for major categories of mature cell neoplasms, either B- or T-/NK-cell, or more specific disease entities (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, plasma cell myeloma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) or Hodgkin lymphoma.

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