Embedded resource accounting for coupled natural-human systems: An application to water resource impacts of the western U.S. electrical energy trade

The increasing strain on ageing generation infrastructure has seen more frequent instances of scheduled and unscheduled blackouts, rising reliability on fossil fuel based energy alternatives and a slow down in efforts towards achieving universal access to electrical energy in South Africa. To try and relieve the burden on the National Grid and still progress electrification activities, the smart microgrid model and secure energy trade paradigm is considered—enabled by the Industrial IoT (IIoT) and distributed ledger technologies (DLTs). Given the high availability requirements of microgrid operations, the limited resources available on IIoT devices and the high processing and energy requirements of DLT operations, this work aims to determine the effect of native DLT algorithms when implemented on IIoT edge devices to assess the suitability of DLTs as a mechanism to establish a secure, energy trading market for the Internet of Energy. Metrics such as the node transaction time, operating temperature, power consumption, processor and memory usage are considered towards determining possible interference on the edge node operation. In addition, the cost and time required for mining operations associated with the DLT-enabled node are determined in an effort to predict the cost to end users—in terms of fees payable and mobile data costs—as well as predicting the microgrid’s growth and potential blockchain network slowdown.

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STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE ACCOUNTING ON THE LOCAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY OF WATER RESOURCE

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ◽

10.2208/proer1988.23.321 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 321-325

Author(s):

Koji OHIRA ◽

Takahito UENO ◽

Takehiro NAKAGUCHI ◽

Tohru FUTAWATARI ◽

Hidefumi IMURA

Keyword(s):

Water Resource ◽

Local Level ◽

Environmental Resource ◽

Resource Accounting

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Review of Research on Water Accounting

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.911 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 911-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Jia ◽

Hong Gan ◽

Chang Hai Qin

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

European Union ◽

Environmental Economic ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Accounting System ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

National Economic ◽

Water Accounting ◽

Resource Accounting

Current progress of water accounting was reviewed systematically in the paper. The result of water accounting is outstanding in some countries abroad, like Australia, South Africa, and European Union (EU) countries. In China, the exploratory research appeared in the 1990s. The study showed that theoretical framework of water resource accounting is basically formed, and research on physical accounting of water resources is abundant. However, some aspects, such as estimate of value, compilation of water economy accounts, and coupling between water resources accounting and national economic accounting system need improvement, which can provide methodological support for the water accounting system and valuable reference for integrated environmental economic accounting system (SEEA).

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