scholarly journals The impact of westerly wind bursts on the diversity and predictability of El Niño events: An ocean energetics perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (13) ◽  
pp. 4654-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shineng Hu ◽  
Alexey V. Fedorov ◽  
Matthieu Lengaigne ◽  
Eric Guilyardi
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Ocean Energetics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wind Bursts ◽  
Westerly Wind Bursts ◽  
El Nino Events

The impact of westerly wind bursts and ocean initial state on the development, and diversity of El Niño events

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1381-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Fedorov ◽  
Shineng Hu ◽  
Matthieu Lengaigne ◽  
Eric Guilyardi
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Initial State ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wind Bursts ◽  
Westerly Wind Bursts ◽  
El Nino Events

scholarly journals A study of the effects of westerly wind bursts on ENSO based on CESM

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 885-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Tan ◽  
Youmin Tang ◽  
Tao Lian ◽  
Zhixiong Yao ◽  
Xiaojing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Parameterization Scheme ◽  
Westerly Wind ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Wind Bursts ◽  
Westerly Wind Bursts ◽  
El Nino Events

AbstractNumerous works have indicated that westerly wind bursts (WWBs) have a significant contribution to the development of El Niño events. However, the simulation of WWBs commonly suffers from large biases in the current generation of coupled general circulation models (CGCMs), limiting our ability to predict El Niño events. In this study, we introduce a WWBs parameterization scheme into the global coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) to improve the representation of WWBs and to study the impacts of WWBs on El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) characteristics. It is found that CESM with the WWBs parameterization scheme can generate more realistic characteristics of WWBs, in particular their location and seasonal variation of occurrence. With the parameterized WWBs, the skewness of the Niño 3 index is increased, in better agreement with observation. Eastern Pacific El Niño and central Pacific El Niño events could be successfully reproduced in the model run with WWBs parameterization. Further diagnoses show that the enhanced horizontal advection in the central Pacific and vertical advection in the eastern Pacific, both of which are triggered by WWBs, are crucial factors responsible for the improvements in ENSO simulation. Clearly, WWBs have important effects on ENSO asymmetry and ENSO diversity.

scholarly journals Examining the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon cycle to the expression of El Niño

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Teckentrup ◽  
Martin G. De Kauwe ◽  
Andrew J. Pitman ◽  
Benjamin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Ep El Niño ◽  
The Impact ◽  
El Nino Events

Abstract. The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the global climate and the variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle on interannual timescales. Two different expressions of El Niño have recently been identified: (i) Central–Pacific (CP) and (ii) Eastern–Pacific (EP). Both types of El Nino are characterised by above average sea surface temperature anomalies in the respective locations. Studies exploring the impact of these expressions of El Niño on the carbon cycle have identified changes in the amplitude of the concentration of interannual atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) variability, as well as different lags in terrestrial CO2 release to the atmosphere following increased tropical near surface air temperature. We employ the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ–GUESS within a synthetic experimental framework to examine the sensitivity and potential long term impacts of these two expressions of El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We manipulated the occurrence of CP and EP events in two climate reanalysis datasets during the later half of the 20th and early 21st century by replacing all EP with CP and separately all CP with EP El Niño events. We found that the different expressions of El Niño affect interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the effect on longer timescales was negligible for both climate reanalysis datasets. We conclude that capturing any future trends in the relative frequency of CP and EP El Niño events may not be critical for robust simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

El Niño Modoki Impacts on Australian Rainfall

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3167-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa S. Taschetto ◽  
Matthew H. England
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
El Niño Modoki ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sst Anomalies ◽  
Australian Rainfall ◽  
El Nino Events

Abstract This study investigates interseasonal and interevent variations in the impact of El Niño on Australian rainfall using available observations from the postsatellite era. Of particular interest is the difference in impact between classical El Niño events wherein peak sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies appear in the eastern Pacific and the recently termed El Niño “Modoki” events that are characterized by distinct warm SST anomalies in the central Pacific and weaker cold anomalies in the west and east of the basin. A clear interseasonal and interevent difference is apparent, with the maximum rainfall response for Modoki events occurring in austral autumn compared to austral spring for classical El Niños. Most interestingly, the Modoki and non-Modoki El Niño events exhibit a marked difference in rainfall impact over Australia: while classical El Niños are associated with a significant reduction in rainfall over northeastern and southeastern Australia, Modoki events appear to drive a large-scale decrease in rainfall over northwestern and northern Australia. In addition, rainfall variations during March–April–May are more sensitive to the Modoki SST anomaly pattern than the conventional El Niño anomalies to the east.

scholarly journals USING REMOTE SENSING IN STUDY OF EL NIÑO EXTREME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1997/1998 AND 2015/2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Ricky Anak Kemarau ◽  
Oliver Valentine Eboy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
El Nino Events

The years 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 saw the occurrence of El Niño occur among the worst in human history. Until now there is still a lack of research in studying the degree of El Niño's strength impact on climate and weather, especially in the tropic region. The objective of this study is to study the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in identifying the differences between the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 El Niño events. This study uses six satellite data and temperature data from the Malaysia Meteorology Department (MMD). The first step of remote sensing data will be through pre-processing, converting digital Numbers (DN) to Land Surface Temperature (LST). The results of the study found that there was a change in the pattern of LST columns during the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 El Niño events. Spatial patterns change based on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) values. The results of this study are important because of the importance of spatial information to those responsible for preparing measures to overcome and reduce the impact of El Niño on the population. at the developing country level, including Malaysia, there is still a lack of information technology infrastructure in channeling useful information to the community. Through the information, this spatial information provides critical hot spot information that needs more attention.

scholarly journals Examining the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon cycle to the expression of El Niño

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2181-2203
Author(s):  
Lina Teckentrup ◽  
Martin G. De Kauwe ◽  
Andrew J. Pitman ◽  
Benjamin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Ep El Niño ◽  
The Impact ◽  
El Nino Events

Abstract. The El Niño‐-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the global climate and the variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle on interannual timescales. Two different expressions of El Niño have recently been identified: (i) central Pacific (CP) and (ii) eastern Pacific (EP). Both types of El Niño are characterised by above-average sea surface temperature anomalies at the respective locations. Studies exploring the impact of these expressions of El Niño on the carbon cycle have identified changes in the amplitude of the concentration of interannual atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) variability following increased tropical near-surface air temperature and decreased precipitation. We employ the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) within a synthetic experimental framework to examine the sensitivity and potential long-term impacts of these two expressions of El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle. We manipulated the occurrence of CP and EP events in two climate reanalysis datasets during the latter half of the 20th and early 21st century by replacing all EP with CP and separately all CP with EP El Niño events. We found that the different expressions of El Niño affect interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the effect on longer timescales was small for both climate reanalysis datasets. We conclude that capturing any future trends in the relative frequency of CP and EP El Niño events may not be critical for robust simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Effects of the 2016 El Niño on the Galapagos artisanal coastal fin-fish fishery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose R Marin Jarrin ◽  
Pelayo Salinas-de-León
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
El Nino Events

El Niño events heavily influence physical characteristics in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and lead to a decrease in nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations and to variation in the composition of the marine trophic chain. However, El Niño events can also provide an opportunity to evaluate the possible effects climate change may have on marine ecosystems. The Galapagos Marine Reserve coastal fin-fish fishery supports approximately 400 fishers that target species that include benthic/demersal predatory fish such as the endemic Galapagos whitespotted sandbass (Paralabrax albomaculatus), the regional endemic sailfin grouper (Mycteroperca olfax) and mottled scorpion fish (Pontinus clemensi), and the misty grouper (Hyporthodon mystacinus). The first two species are listed as vulnerable and endangered, respectively, on the IUCN red list of threatened species. Despite their potential effects on the biota, at present it is unclear how El Niño events influence artisanal fin-fish fisheries in the Galapagos. To study the impacts of El Niño events on the fishery, numerical percentage catch composition at the largest dock in Santa Cruz Island was recorded during March and April 2013, 2014 and 2016 and compared. Compositions were significantly different between 2016 and both 2013 and 2014, but not between 2013 and 2014. These differences appear to have been due to the appearance of uncommon demersal/benthic predatory fish such as Grape eye seabass (Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos) and Pacific dog snapper (Lutjanus novemfasciatus). Size frequency distributions also varied, with significantly larger sizes of several species observed in 2016 when compared to 2013 or 2014. These changes in catch composition and size may be a product of a reduction in nutrient concentration and primary production that led to an increase in water clarity and decrease in prey biomass that forced these benthic fish species to change their feeding behavior and strike at baits that usually would not be easily detected. Because of the conservative life history many of these benthic predatory fish exhibit and the absence of any form of management for fish species in the GMR, El Niño events may have profound effects on their populations due to the elimination of the largest individuals. Management actions, such as size and catch limits and closures, directed at reducing the impact of the fishery on these important fish populations in the near- (El Niños) and long-term (climate change) future should be encouraged.

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