THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC SERVICES MOTIVATION AND ETHICAL LEADERSHIP WITH ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE AT MILITARY TRAINING ACADEMY, NDUM.

A public organization is an important sector in the administration of the Nation and it needs to remain relevant and accepted by society. The sub-sector such as services and security are the most important organizations that require high performance in society and the country to ensure security is always guaranteed. Military Training Academy, NDUM is an organization involved in various security and humanitarian operations either nationally or internationally. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess employee motivation in public service activities by using the Public Service Motivation Model (PSM). The elements contained in the model are an attraction to public policymaking, commitment to the public interest, self-sacrifice, compassion, and ethical leadership. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Public Service Motivation (PSM) and organizational performance with ethical leadership among employees in Military Training Academy, NDUM. Quantitative research methods were used and questionnaires have been distributed to staff and instructors in Military Training Academy, NDUM, located in Kuala Lumpur by distributing the questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 19. The results of this study showed that the attraction towards public policy-making (t=1.927, p>0.01), commitment to public interest (t=0.289, p>0.01), self-sacrifice (t=1.623, p>0.01), compassion (t=0.704, p>0.01) and ethical leadership (t=7.071, p<0.01). Ethical leadership encourages employees to participate in community service programs and improve organizational performance.

MAQASID SHARIAH IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY: A REVIEW

The purpose of this research is to review relevant articles on the application of Maqasid shariah for the manufacturing industry. In today's competitive and dynamic market, manufacturing companies are working incredibly hard to retain their integrity and competitiveness. Many industrial companies have implemented integrity processes to encourage ethical decision-making. The study review relevant articles on the application of Maqasid shariah for the manufacturing industry. While the absence of empirical research limits this work, the study proposes for further study to examine the application of Maqasid shariah in the manufacturing industry.

ACCEPTANCE LEVEL OF INDEPENDENT OIL PALM SMALLHOLDERS IN MALAYSIA TOWARDS EXTENSION SERVICES

The main objective of the extension group is to disseminate the oil palm technologies to the independent oil palm smallholders (ISH). However, since the beginning of the establishment of the extension group in the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) in 2002, there is no clear information on the acceptance level of ISH toward extension service activities by this group. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to determine the perception and attitude of ISH toward the extension service activities by extension group and to identify the association between the level of perception and attitude of ISH toward extension activities with ISH personal profile and farm background. Based on the total population in the study area, the number of samples to be selected in this study is 384 respondents. Interview administrated questionnaires were employed to obtain the relevant data. The study revealed that the total average mean of respondents’ perception and attitude towards extension service activities is 3.99 which belongs to the category of high score range (3.67 – 5.00). Therefore, it shows that ISH has a positive perception and attitude towards extension service which can lead to the high acceptance level of extension service activities by extension group among ISH. Other than that, based on the chi-square analysis, it shows that different demographic profiles significantly influence the level of perception & attitude of ISH toward extension activities. The findings of this study will assist the extension group in MPOB to re-strategize and further improve its extension service while contributing to future studies.

A STUDY ON YOUNGER POPULATION WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN CLINICAL TRIALS: REASONS INFLUENCING AND IMPEDING PARTICIPATION

A clinical trial is an 'investigation' into the development of a vaccine or treatment for a variety of diseases, including HIV/AIDS, H1N1, leukemia, and cancer, as well as the recently discovered Covid-19. In brief, clinical trials are the only way to determine the solution to any medical problem or question, as well as the quality of human health care. Clinical trials, on the other hand, cannot be undertaken without involvement, particularly from young people or participants, due to the future potential for illness preventive and treatment studies. However, the study's findings indicate that recruiting individuals from this group is not straightforward. According to one study, persons aged 18 to 24 were the least prepared to engage in clinical trials. A subsequent study discovered that persons aged 15 to 39 years had the lowest rate of involvement in cancer clinical trials of any age group worldwide. Thus, the objective of this article is to examine the willingness of young people, particularly students, to participate in clinical trials by examining the factors that impact and obstruct their participation as trial subjects. This conceptual paper is a qualitative investigation conducted using library research methods.

THE FOURTH HISTORICAL MOMENT IN SOCIAL RESEARCH ‘THE CRISIS OF REPRESENTATION’: A CHAPTER REVIEW

The historical moments of qualitative research reflect socially constructed quasi-historic conventions that remain crosscut and overlapping till the present. This progressive narrative is well represented and assessed in a historical overview by Denzin & Lincoln (2018) in their book “The Sage handbook of qualitative research” in the introduction “The discipline and practice of qualitative research”. Through a chapter review, this article particularly discusses the fourth moment of Quantitative research coined as “The crisis of representation”, which is believed to be the crossroads where social scientists remain entangled between the science and humanity perspective while conducting social research in order to forward social realities. This period of confusion simultaneously forwarded the multi-paradigm (positivism, postpositivism, and interpretivism), all of which have unique characteristics that are suitable for specific research. Thus, this paper sheds light on the overview of the crisis of representation and further explains the types of crises that occurred during this historical moment, including the crisis of representation, the crisis of legitimation, and a crisis of praxis. It is expected that apart from extending current literature this paper would support social scientists for selecting appropriate methods and paradigms as well as to justify their selection.

THE SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM THEORY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CURRENT RESEARCH

The objective of this paper is to explore the current trend of using symbolic interactionism as an underpinning theory by revealing the gaps in the elements of the theory, methodology, and suggesting the direction for future research. This communication theory is unique because of the elements; self, society, and the environment. Normally, symbolic interactionism theory (SIT) has been used in identity and healthcare studies. While studies using this theory in entrepreneurship are still lacking. It is shown that this study mostly focuses on the sociology perspective compared to the social-psychology perspective. Therefore, this paper was adopted with a thematic analysis of 116 articles using symbolic interactionism as a theoretical underpinning. The findings show previous research that utilised symbolic interactionism in entrepreneurship is still less. This study found that previous studies have focused more on "Looking-Glass-self" by Goffman compared to the overall perspective of self-society-environment and lack of studies focusing on the entrepreneurship field. This systematic review is expected to give understanding and knowledge to readers about SIT, theory gaps through the elements, and directions for future research to consider using symbolic interactionism as a theoretical underpinning in the entrepreneurial phenomenon.

GERIK COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS CAREER CHOICE

Career refers to the term profession and a person’s journey or progress in a field. Choosing the right career is very important to ensure that it is in line with the qualifications and skills possessed as well as one's interests and personality in determining the success of life. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine career choice factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of Gerik Community College students on career choice factors. There are three factors in this study which are family factors, peer factors, and salary factors. This study is a descriptive quantitative study that uses a questionnaire as a research instrument. There were 68 students of Gerik Community College in the July 2019 session who were respondents for this study. The study used a simple random sampling technique to make a selection of respondents. The research data obtained through the questionnaire was analyzed using score mean and T-Test. The results of the study found that all factors obtained a high mean score but family factors are the main factors influencing students in a career choice that is a mean score of 4.39. Statistical analysis found no significant differences between gender with the factors studied. Indeed, student gender did not play a role in determining the career choice factors for this study.

EVALUATION OF CUSTOMER STATISFACTION IN INSTITUTE OF TEACHER EDUCATION DATO' RAZALI ISMAIL CAMPUS USING FUZZY LOGIC

Customer satisfaction is an important issue in various sectors including in educational institutions. The needs and requirements of students and lecturers as customers of an institution must be met by the management to ensure quality services are offered. The performance of an organization is measured by customer satisfaction with their needs. Customer satisfaction issues do not only occur in Malaysia but also abroad. Complaints and grievances about the facilities and services provided were the cause of this study. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of satisfaction of students and lecturers on the services and facilities provided at IPG Kampus Dato’ Razali Ismail. The respondents of the study consisted of students and lecturers selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected based on a questionnaire distributed online and involved seven dimensions. Descriptive analysis was performed using SPSS 26 for windows and then fuzzy logic analysis using Matlab R2020b for windows. Fuzzy logic uses linguistic variables given degrees of membership. A fuzzy inference system using the Fuzzy Mamdani model was used to process the data. Hence, to get the output there are four levels that need to be done namely blurring, ordering, inference and defuzzification. The findings of this study enable management to maintain existing performance and make continuous improvements over time to ensure service quality and customer satisfaction.

USING REMOTE SENSING IN STUDY OF EL NIÑO EXTREME DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 1997/1998 AND 2015/2016

The years 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 saw the occurrence of El Niño occur among the worst in human history. Until now there is still a lack of research in studying the degree of El Niño's strength impact on climate and weather, especially in the tropic region. The objective of this study is to study the effectiveness of remote sensing technology in identifying the differences between the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 El Niño events. This study uses six satellite data and temperature data from the Malaysia Meteorology Department (MMD). The first step of remote sensing data will be through pre-processing, converting digital Numbers (DN) to Land Surface Temperature (LST). The results of the study found that there was a change in the pattern of LST columns during the 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 El Niño events. Spatial patterns change based on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) values. The results of this study are important because of the importance of spatial information to those responsible for preparing measures to overcome and reduce the impact of El Niño on the population. at the developing country level, including Malaysia, there is still a lack of information technology infrastructure in channeling useful information to the community. Through the information, this spatial information provides critical hot spot information that needs more attention.

COVID-19 SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON FACEBOOK COMMENTS

Malaysia recorded its first COVID-19 case on 9th March 2020 and recorded a total of 59,817 by end of November 2020. Buzz in social media over COVID-19 and measures by the Government to curb infection spread among citizens. The study aims to understand Malaysian public awareness and perception of COVID-19 related issues on Facebook during the 1st and 2nd week of Movement Control Order (MCO). Data mining was conducted on DG Tan Sri Noor Hisham Abdullah’s official Facebook account user comments and a total of 77,351 comments was collected between 18 March and 14 April 2020. The analyses included data pre-processing and sentiment analysis to identify and explore sentiments in discussion topics within the first two weeks of lockdown. The results yield majority of comments are in the Malay language and mix languages of English and Malay as a secondary type. Secondly, sentiment analysis showed that people have a positive reaction towards the frontliners and all efforts by the Ministry of Health towards fighting the pandemic. Many positive remarks are given in form of prayers, which is in line with the Islamic teaching of positive thinking and optimism, especially during crises. In conclusion, sentiment analysis is effective in producing useful insights about trends of COVID-19 discussion on social media, collecting public perception and feedback of COVID-19 efforts by the Government, and gives a different viewing angle of the current situation on the ground. These findings can be useful for health officials or the Government in developing communication mitigation plans or conduct extensive studies on pertaining issues within areas of concern.