Effects of geographic-geomagnetic pole offset on ionospheric outflow: Can the ionosphere wag the magnetospheric tail?

AbstractFinding the statistical intensity signatures of the Earth’s magnetic field over geologic time has helped understanding of the evolution of the Earth’s interior and its interactions with other integral parts of Earth systems. However, this has been often hampered by a paucity of absolute paleointensity (API) data, which are difficult to obtain primarily because of non-ideal magnetic behaviors of natural materials. Here, we present new API determination data with paleodirectional and rock magnetic analyses from basaltic rocks probably aged ~ 4‒5 Ma in Baengnyeong Island, Korea. Paleodirectional analysis obtained an overall mean direction of D = 347.3° and I = 38.3° (α95 = 4.9°, k = 113.4) corresponding to a virtual geomagnetic pole at 342.1° E and 70.2° N. Comprehensive rock magnetic analyses identified Ti-poor titanomagnetite with, in part, multi-domain (MD) particles as a main carrier of remanent magnetization. The Tsunakawa–Shaw (TS) method yielded 12 qualified API estimates with a high success rate, efficiently removing possible MD influences, and resulted in a mean value of 13.1 μT with good precision (1.7 μT, standard deviation). The Thellier method of the IZZI protocol with pTRM checks, coupled with the use of a bootstrap approach instead of the “conventional best-fitting” in API determination, gave 6.6‒19.7 μT as a 95% confidence interval of its mean API estimate, which supports the reliability of our TS-derived API mean estimate; but it is not considered in the final mean value because of the relatively large uncertainty. The virtual dipole moment corresponding to the TS-derived API mean, 2.9 (± 0.4) × 1022 Am2, is somewhat lower than the expectations of the past few Myr averages. Combined with a global API database, our new data implies a larger dispersion in the dipole moment during the early Pliocene than previously inferred. This also suggests that the issue of whether the early Pliocene average dipole strength was moderately high (> 5 × 1022 Am2) or consistent (4‒5 × 1022 Am2) should be discussed further.

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Decay of the Dst field of geomagnetic disturbance after substorm onset and its implication to storm-substorm relation

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.1007/s00585-996-0608-3 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 608-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

T. Iyemori ◽

D. R. K. Rao

Keyword(s):

Ring Current ◽

Geomagnetic Storms ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Geomagnetic Disturbance ◽

Substorm Onset ◽

Significant Development ◽

H Index ◽

Magnetospheric Tail ◽

Storms And Substorms ◽

Substorm Onsets

Abstract. In order to investigate the causal relationship between magnetic storms and substorms, variations of the mid-latitude geomagnetic indices, ASY (asymmetric part) and SYM (symmetric part), at substorm onsets are examined. Substorm onsets are defined by three different phenomena; (1) a rapid increase in the mid-latitude asymmetric-disturbance indices, ASY-D and ASY-H, with a shape of so-called `mid-latitude positive bay\\'; (2) a sharp decrease in the AL index; (3) an onset of Pi2 geomagnetic pulsation. The positive bays are selected using eye inspection and a pattern-matching technique. The 1-min-resolution SYM-H index, which is essentially the same as the hourly Dst index except in terms of the time resolution, does not show any statistically significant development after the onset of substorms; it tends to decay after the onset rather than to develop. It is suggested by a simple model calculation that the decay of the magnetospheric tail current after substorm onset is responsible for the decay of the Dst field. The relation between the IMF southward turning and the development of the Dst field is re-examined. The results support the idea that the geomagnetic storms and substorms are independent processes; that is, the ring-current development is not the result of the frequent occurrence of substorms, but that of enhanced convection caused by the large southward IMF. A substorm is the process of energy dissipation in the magnetosphere, and its contribution to the storm-time ring-current formation seems to be negligible. The decay of the Dst field after a substorm onset is explained by a magnetospheric energy theorem.

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Investigation into the spatial and temporal coherence of ionospheric outflow on January 9–12, 1997

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics ◽

10.1016/s1364-6826(02)00136-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 64 (15) ◽

pp. 1659-1666 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

W.K. Peterson ◽

H.L. Collin ◽

M. Boehm ◽

A.W. Yau ◽

C. Cully ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Coherence ◽

Ionospheric Outflow

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Observations of AGW/TID propagation across the polar cap: a case study

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-29-1355-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (8) ◽

pp. 1355-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. T. Cai ◽

F. Yin ◽

S. Y. Ma ◽

I. W. McCrea

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Source Region ◽

Polar Cap ◽

Night Time ◽

F Region ◽

Atmospheric Disturbances ◽

Geomagnetic Pole ◽

Ionization Waves ◽

North Polar ◽

Propagation Properties

Abstract. In this paper, we present observational evidence for the trans-polar propagation of large-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) from their nightside source region to the dayside. On 13 February 2001, the 32 m dish of EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) was directing toward the geomagnetic pole at low elevation (30°) during the interval 06:00–12:00 UT (MLT ≈ UT + 3 h), providing an excellent opportunity to monitor the ionosphere F-region over the polar cap. The TIDs were first detected by the ESR over the dayside north polar cap, propagating equatorward, and were subsequently seen by the mainland UHF radar at auroral latitudes around geomagnetic local noon. The propagation properties of the observed ionization waves suggest the presence of a moderately large-scale TIDs, propagating across the northern polar cap from the night-time auroral source during substorm conditions. Our results agree with the theoretical simulations by Balthazor and Moffett (1999) in which poleward-propagating large-scale traveling atmospheric disturbances were found to be self-consistently driven by enhancements in auroral heating.

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On the interpretation of virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) scatter curves

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors ◽

10.1016/0031-9201(95)03106-5 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 95 (1-2) ◽

pp. 37-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Gauthier Hulot ◽

Yves Gallet

Keyword(s):

Virtual Geomagnetic Pole ◽

Geomagnetic Pole

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Reconstructing Global-scale Ionospheric Outflow With a Satellite Constellation

10.1002/essoar.87b3c6adafb4a364.e4428c7eac144fb8.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Liemohn ◽

Daniel Welling ◽

Jorg-Micha Jahn ◽

Philip Valek ◽

Heather Elliott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Scale ◽

Satellite Constellation ◽

Ionospheric Outflow

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Geochronological and paleomagnetic studies of small carbonatite intrusions of the Udzha uplift (Tomtor massif, northeast of the Siberian platform)

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12614 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandr Pasenko ◽

Ivanov Alexey ◽

Malyshev Sergey ◽

Travin Alexey

Keyword(s):

Siberian Platform ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Snowball Earth ◽

Paleomagnetic Data ◽

Russian Science ◽

Virtual Geomagnetic Pole ◽

River Bank ◽

High Temperature Component ◽

Geomagnetic Pole ◽

Temperature Component

Paleomagnetic data obtained from Neoproterozoic glacial and glacier-associated sedimentary rocks indicate that they were formed at near equatorial latitudes. Based on these data, the Snowball Earth hypothesis was proposed [Kirschvink, 1992]. According to this hypothesis, during the Neoproterozoic glaciations, the entire planet (including the oceans) was completely covered with ice. Although evidence is emerging that does not support this hypothesis, there is still no conclusive evidence that it is not true [Sansjofre et al., 2011].It is worth noting that the Snowball earth hypothesis is based on paleomagnetic data. At the same time, the available paleomagnetic data for the Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian [Meert, Van der Voo, 2001; Shatsillo et al, 2005; Abrajevitch, Van der Voo, 2010; Pavlov et al., 2018] difficult to interpret in terms of the Geocentric Axial Dipole hypothesis. This imposes serious restrictions on the possibility of correctly constructing paleomagnetic reconstructions.For the development and testing of a model of the geomagnetic field of the Neoproterozoic, it is necessary to obtain a lot of high-quality paleomagnetic data. Data from well-dated magmatic bodies are especially valuable.Within the framework of this work, we obtained paleomagnetic data from three carbonatite dikes (7 to 30 cm thickness) exposed in the Udzha river bank on the Udzha uplift in the northeastern part of the Siberian platform. These dikes are associated with the large alkaline Tomtor massif located 15 km to the west. Ar/Ar dating of phlogopite megacrysts gives an intrusion age of the dikes of 706.1&#177;8.8 Ma. Coordinates of the virtual geomagnetic pole, calculated from the direction of the high-temperature component of magnetization: &#934;=-20.7&#176;; &#923;=88.6&#176;; &#913;95=3.4&#176;.Our report will present preliminary interpretation of these data, as well as their comparison with paleomagnetic data on close-aged objects in Siberia.The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant (19-77-10048).References:

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