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Author(s):  
A. E. Guskov ◽  
N. A. Mazov ◽  
V. N. Gureev ◽  
K. S. Borgoyakova

The authors review the papers delivered at the Third Scientific Conference “Scientometrics, bibliometrics, open data and publications in science” held within the framework of the Sixth World Professional Forum “The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations” (“Crimea–2021”) (June 5–13, 2021, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation). The Conference key topics discussed at its three sessions were: trends in sci-tech development, scientometric studies of scientific periodicals, as well as case studies and regional research through scientometric tools. The hot topics in Russian scientometrics are specified, including applied studies of bibliometric analysis for assessment of researchers, organizations, countries and journals, as well as of science migration streams, and theoretical development of new indicators of or search for scientometric frontiers. Within the practical part of the conference, The Basics of Bibliometrics crash course was offered to the participants. It comprised essential knowledge, competences and skills of work with science citation databases. The need for the more intensive exchange of knowledge within the Russian emerging scientometrics community to expand competences, to strengthen communication between those assessing and being assessed is substantiated. These would contribute not only scientometrics but the Russian science on the whole.


2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
A. M. Ablazhey

The main task of the article was to identify the dynamics of changing social characteristics of graduate students from research institutes of Novosibirsk Academgorodok. For the comparative analysis we used the data of polls conducted in 2005 and 2018. We compared such variables as the reasons for admission to graduate school, assessments of the current state of the main elements of scientific activity, the expectations of graduate students about their future profession, primarily a scientific career, criteria and factors of its success. Based on these results we planned to identify the main trends inherent in graduate studies as the main method of training personnel for Russian science. It is concluded that at present the system of training highly qualified scientific personnel in the country is in an unstable state. As a result, there is an active discussion in the professional community about ways of further reforming graduate school.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Jamshed ◽  
Shuo-Chen Chien ◽  
Afifa Tanweer ◽  
Rahma-Novita Asdary ◽  
Muhammad Hardhantyo ◽  
...  

Background: The increasing rates of Caesarean section (CS) beyond the WHO standards (10–15%) pose a significant global health concern.Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis to identify an association between CS history and maternal adverse outcomes for the subsequent pregnancy and delivery among women classified in Robson classification (RC).Search Strategy: PubMed/Medline, EbscoHost, ProQuest, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, MEDLINE, and Russian Science Citation Index databases were searched from 2008 to 2018.Selection Criteria: Based on Robson classification, studies reporting one or more of the 14 adverse maternal outcomes were considered eligible for this review.Data Collection: Study design data, interventions used, CS history, and adverse maternal outcomes were extracted.Main Results: From 4,084 studies, 28 (n = 1,524,695 women) met the inclusion criteria. RC group 5 showed the highest proportion among deliveries followed by RC10, RC7, and RC8 (67.71, 32.27, 0.02, and 0.001%). Among adverse maternal outcomes, hysterectomy had the highest association after preterm delivery OR = 3.39 (95% CI 1.56–7.36), followed by Severe Maternal Outcomes OR = 2.95 (95% CI 1.00–8.67). We identified over one and a half million pregnant women, of whom the majority were found to belong to RC group 5.Conclusions: Previous CS was observed to be associated with adverse maternal outcomes for the subsequent pregnancies. CS rates need to be monitored given the prospective risks which may occur for maternal and child health in subsequent births.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-824
Author(s):  
Irina A. Novikova ◽  
Alexey A. Novikov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Shlyakhta

The topic on diagnosing intercultural adaptation and psychological acculturation to a new socio-cultural environment is relevant in connection with the processes of globalization and, in particular, with the growth of academic mobility in education. Research on this problem are especially relevant for Russian science due to the lack of acculturation scales, which are widely represented in Western and international psychology. In 2019, a research team led by Professor A. Ardila developed the Russian-language Acculturation Scale for Russia (ASR), which was validated on a sample of international university students from 71 countries of the world. The aim of the present study was to adapt the ASR for the Chinese students studying in Russian universities. Chinese students are the largest group of international students from far abroad studying at Russian universities, while many of them experience significant difficulties in adapting to a new socio-cultural environment, as well as in learning the Russian language. In total, the study involved 213 Chinese students (59% - female) studying at Russian universities, of which 93 students (58% - female) completed the Russian-language version of the ASR, and 118 students (61% - female) completed the Chinese version of the ASR, which was designed using the back translation. Both ASR versions were psychometrically tested using Cronbachs and MacDonalds coefficients, as well as bifactorial analysis. The methods of descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon W-test were used to compare the Russian-language and Chinese versions of the ASR. The normalization was carried out by means of non-linear percentile normalization (stanines). As a result, a high consistency of the Russian-language and Chinese versions of the ASR and their equivalence with each other were shown. Both versions can be used to assess the level of acculturation of Chinese students to Russia, while the Chinese version is recommended for the Chinese students who have been living in Russia for less than 1-1.5 years and/or have a poor Russian proficiency.


Author(s):  
Alexander P. Ch. Petrov ◽  
Andrei S. Akhremenko ◽  
Sergey A. Zheglov ◽  
Ekaterina V. Kruchinskaia

In recent decades, the focus of civic engagement research has shifted towards studying social environments’ effects on individuals’ decisions on whether to participate in a given activity or not. Online communication has been increasingly influencing the scale of social environments as well as the features of both online and offline interpersonal communications. Surely, then, individuals’ decisions concerning protest mobilization are bound to be affected by network properties. Using a series of ABM models with different network structures, we try to identify the structural factors of networks that can influence individuals who are deciding whether to join a protest. The established research in this field traditionally points to two structural factors: network topology and homophily. To our knowledge, however, the literature has not considered two above-mentioned structural factors in combination. In other words, their joint influence on protest mobilization has not been tested. To fill this research gap, we combine several network topologies with enabled/disabled homophily and examine how the combination influences protest turnout and survival. Numerical experiments show that homophily is positively associated with the survival of the protest, but negatively with its size for any network topology. Since we infer this conclusion from a theory-based computational model, we also propose how empirical testing can be conducted. Acknowledgments: This research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant no. 20-18-00274, HSE University.


Author(s):  
В.Б. Наумов ◽  
А.Н. Асмолова

Проект «Сохраненная культура» уже более десяти лет занимается изучением и продвижением в сети Интернет достижений отечественной науки и культуры ХХ века. Статья описывает и систематизирует уникальный опыт проекта по исследованию и актуализации творческого наследия выдающихся советских архитекторов: подготовку и публикацию воспоминаний об ученом-градостроителе, члене-корреспонденте РААСН А.В. Махровской, оцифровку личного архива историка градостроительства, декана архитектурного факультета Академии художеств В.И. Кочедамова и выпуск 4-томного издания его трудов с комментариями современных ученых, а также создание документального фильма «Архитектура блокады», посвященного памяти А.И. Наумова, доктора архитектуры, члена-корреспондента Академии строительства и архитектуры СССР, автора трех генеральных планов развития Ленинграда, организатора маскировки города в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Особое внимание в статье уделено проблеме цифрового разрыва и прикладным подходам и методам его преодоления, позволяющим сохранять и популяризировать памятники «бумажной» культуры прошлого века в условиях информационного общества через создание активного исследовательского сообщества. The Preserved Culture project has been researching and promoting the achievements of Russian science and culture of the 20th century on the Internet for more than ten years. This article describes and systematizes a unique experience on the study and update of the creative heritage of the distinguished Soviet architects. This includes the preparation and publication of the memories about scientist-urban planner, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences A.V. Makhrovskaya; the digitization of the personal archive of the urban development historian, dean of the faculty of architecture of the Academy of Arts V.I. Kochedamov, as well as the release of the four-volume edition of his works with commentaries of modern scientists. The article also presents the documentary film “Architecture of the Blockade” which is dedicated to the memory of A.I. Naumov, the Doctor of Architecture, corresponding member of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR, author of three Leningrad master plans, organizer of the city masking during the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention in the article is paid to the problem of the digital divide and applied approaches and methods of overcoming it, which make it possible to preserve and popularize non-digital cultural monuments of the last century in the context of the information society through the creation of an active research community.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Almira Yusupova

Paper deals with the possibilities to improve productivity of domestic academic research through partnership cooperation between actors of innovations ecosystems at national and regional levels. Cooperation between academic research and business plays important role in this context. Main attention is paid to public sector of academic research; all problems are illustrated for the case of Novosibirsk oblast. The opinions of representatives of research institutes of Siberian Branch of Russian science Academy as well as of innovative companies’ leaders were analyzed and reviewed. Main barriers for partnership cooperation were presented basing on this review. It is pointed out that lack of confidence within cooperation between ecosystem actors and therefore limited positive experience of cooperation present significant problem. State support as well as direct financing and adequate institutional environment creation should be aimed to the elimination of these barriers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-253
Author(s):  
Viktor Kupriyanov ◽  
Galina Smagina

The article is devoted to the critical analysis of the foreign historiography of the foundation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The authors focus on German and Anglo-American historiographic traditions. The authors analyze the works of M. Posselt, V. Stieda, A. Vucinich, S. Werrett, M. Gordin and others. The article shows the the development of approaches to the highlighting of the problem of the foundation of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The Western historiography was initially dominated by German historians of science who were mostly interested in the role of foreigners (primarily Germans) in the history of the foundation of the Academy of Sciences. The authors of the article show that German historians followed the approach developed in Russian pre-revolutionary historiography. However, both British and American historians of science worked within this approach in the 1950–1970s. In this regard, the authors of the article draw attention to the interpretation of the history of Russian science by A. Vucinich and show its relations to the positivist historiography. An important result of the study concerns the identification of the fact that transformation in the Western historiography of the foundation of the Academy of Sciences was associated with new posmodern methodological strategies in cultural studies and in sociology. Theauthors show that contemporary Anglo-American historians tend to use the social analysis of M. Foucault, N. Elias and other influential contemporary sociologists, which significantly enriches the historiography of the foundation of the Academy of Sciences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rakin

There is no alternative to Russian science in the innovative development of the Russian economy. Without discussing the obvious role of science in the development of defense technologies to protect the country’s borders, under the conditions of sanctions, which inevitably hamper the development of the Russian economy, the reform of science is necessary. The main direction seems to be the creation of a full-fledged applied branch of science with a variety of organizational and legal forms. On this path, the role of education is high. A cardinal mistake in the reform of education was made with the adoption of the Western model of combining education and science. It should be taken into account that fundamental science and education represent different spheres of intellectual activity. But applied science and education are closely linked, if only for the reason that students’ interests in attractive specialties are dictated by the real prospects of the future profession used in Russian industry. The personnel policy of the Government is closely connected with the innovative development of Russia. The bureaucratic power vertical created in the country is not conducive to the entry of professionals in this or that field of knowledge into the circle of top managers. Therefore, the executive energy of managers responsible for scientific innovations is aimed exclusively at achieving the goals of formal competition with other powers, contributing little to the real scientific and technological progress in our country.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Krivoruchko

The article discusses the most important systemic measures to reform Russian science. It is noted that in the foreseeable future, scientific and technological development should serve in Russia the main long-term and publicly declared national interest - saving the people of Russia, developing human potential, improving the quality of life and welfare of citizens. The solution of this problem is inextricably linked with the reliance on the leading role of the state in the organization of the scientific and technological sphere. The first step on the path of systemic reforms is to replace the currently fragmented model of science management withcentralized management of the scientific and technological sphere through the creation of the State Corporation “Rosnauka” by federal law. Such a state corporation, endowed with the rights of a single chief manager of budgetary funds for fundamental and exploratory research, could become a launching pad for a breakthrough scientific and technological development of Russia. The second step is the preparation of a new Federal Law on Scientific, Scientific, Technical and Innovative Activity, which, in addition to updating the principles and mechanisms of management of domestic science, would clearly define the criteria for “scientific” in the activities of legal entities and individuals, and most importantly - “scientific” results obtained for budgetary and other means.


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