scholarly journals Age‐dependent forest carbon sink: Estimation via inverse modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 2473-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Gensuo Jia ◽  
Yongjiu Dai ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Age Dependent

scholarly journals Forest carbon sink neutralized by pervasive growth-lifespan trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. W. Brienen ◽  
L. Caldwell ◽  
L. Duchesne ◽  
S. Voelker ◽  
J. Barichivich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Land vegetation is currently taking up large amounts of atmospheric CO2, possibly due to tree growth stimulation. Extant models predict that this growth stimulation will continue to cause a net carbon uptake this century. However, there are indications that increased growth rates may shorten trees′ lifespan and thus recent increases in forest carbon stocks may be transient due to lagged increases in mortality. Here we show that growth-lifespan trade-offs are indeed near universal, occurring across almost all species and climates. This trade-off is directly linked to faster growth reducing tree lifespan, and not due to covariance with climate or environment. Thus, current tree growth stimulation will, inevitably, result in a lagged increase in canopy tree mortality, as is indeed widely observed, and eventually neutralise carbon gains due to growth stimulation. Results from a strongly data-based forest simulator confirm these expectations. Extant Earth system model projections of global forest carbon sink persistence are likely too optimistic, increasing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Forest carbon sink: A potential forest investment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaocheng Zheng ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Dongxiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon

The past and the future of the tropical forest carbon sink: insights from permanent forest inventory plots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannes Hubau ◽  
Simon L. Lewis ◽  
Oliver L. Phillips ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
The Future ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Vegetation Models

<p>Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered ~1 Pg C yr<sup>-1</sup> over the 1990s and early 2000s, equivalent to ~15% of fossil fuel emissions. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this carbon sink will continue for the remainder of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. However, recent plot inventories from Amazonia show a declining rate of carbon sequestration, potentially signaling an imminent end to the sink. Here we assess whether the African tropical forest sink is also declining.</p><p>Records from 244 multi-census plots across 11 countries reveal that the African tropical forest sink in aboveground live biomass has been stable for three decades, at 0.66 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, from 1985-2015 (95% CI, 0.53-0.79). Thus, the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged over recent decades. A statistical model including CO<sub>2</sub>, temperature, drought, and forest dynamics can account for the trends. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our data and model show that very recently the sink has begun decreasing, and that it will continue to decline in the future.  This implies that the intact tropical forest carbon sink on both continents is set to end decades sooner than even the most extreme vegetation model estimates.</p><p>Published independent observations of inter-hemispheric atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration indicate increasing carbon uptake into the Northern hemisphere landmass, offsetting a weakening of the tropical forest sink, which reinforces our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already saturated. Nevertheless, continued on-the-ground monitoring of the world’s remaining intact tropical forests will be required to test our prediction that the intact tropical forest carbon sink will continue to decline. Our findings were recently published in Nature (March 2020) and have important policy implications: given tropical forests are likely to sequester less carbon in the future than Earth System Models predict, an earlier date to reach net zero anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions will be required to meet any given commitment to limit the global heating of Earth.</p>

scholarly journals Land Use Change and Forest Carbon Sink Assessment in an Alpine Mountain Area of the Veneto Region (Northeast Italy)

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dalla Valle ◽  
Silvia Lamedica ◽  
Roberto Pilli ◽  
Tommaso Anfodillo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Mountain Area

scholarly journals Importance of fossil fuel emission uncertainties over Europe for CO<sub>2</sub> modeling: model intercomparison

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6607-6622 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peylin ◽  
S. Houweling ◽  
M. C. Krol ◽  
U. Karstens ◽  
C. Rödenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Fossil Fuel Emission

Abstract. Inverse modeling techniques used to quantify surface carbon fluxes commonly assume that the uncertainty of fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions is negligible and that intra-annual variations can be neglected. To investigate these assumptions, we analyzed the differences between four fossil fuel emission inventories with spatial and temporal differences over Europe and their impact on the model simulated CO2 concentration. Large temporal flux variations characterize the hourly fields (~40 % and ~80 % for the seasonal and diurnal cycles, peak-to-peak) and annual country totals differ by 10 % on average and up to 40 % for some countries (i.e., the Netherlands). These emissions have been prescribed to seven different transport models, resulting in 28 different FFCO2 concentrations fields. The modeled FFCO2 concentration time series at surface sites using time-varying emissions show larger seasonal cycles (+2 ppm at the Hungarian tall tower (HUN)) and smaller diurnal cycles in summer (−1 ppm at HUN) than when using constant emissions. The concentration range spanned by all simulations varies between stations, and is generally larger in winter (up to ~10 ppm peak-to-peak at HUN) than in summer (~5 ppm). The contribution of transport model differences to the simulated concentration std-dev is 2–3 times larger than the contribution of emission differences only, at typical European sites used in global inversions. These contributions to the hourly (monthly) std-dev's amount to ~1.2 (0.8) ppm and ~0.4 (0.3) ppm for transport and emissions, respectively. First comparisons of the modeled concentrations with 14C-based fossil fuel CO2 observations show that the large transport differences still hamper a quantitative evaluation/validation of the emission inventories. Changes in the estimated monthly biosphere flux (Fbio) over Europe, using two inverse modeling approaches, are relatively small (less that 5 %) while changes in annual Fbio (up to ~0.15 % GtC yr−1) are only slightly smaller than the differences in annual emission totals and around 30 % of the mean European ecosystem carbon sink. These results point to an urgent need to improve not only the transport models but also the assumed spatial and temporal distribution of fossil fuel emission inventories.

scholarly journals Importance of fossil fuel emission uncertainties over Europe for CO<sub>2</sub> modeling: model intercomparison

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7457-7503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peylin ◽  
S. Houweling ◽  
M. C. Krol ◽  
U. Karstens ◽  
C. Rödenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Fossil Fuel Emission

Abstract. Inverse modeling techniques used to quantify surface carbon fluxes commonly assume that the uncertainty of fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions is negligible and that intra-annual variations can be neglected. To investigate these assumptions, we analyzed the differences between four fossil fuel emission maps with spatial and temporal differences over Europe and their impact on the model simulated CO2 concentration. Large temporal flux variations characterize the hourly fields (~40% and ~80% for the seasonal and diurnal cycles, peak-to-peak) and annual country totals differ by 10% on average and up to 40% for some countries (i.e., The Netherlands). These emissions have been prescribed to seven different transport models, resulting in 28 different FFCO2 concentrations fields. The modeled FFCO2 concentration time series at surface sites using time-varying emissions show larger seasonal cycles (+2 ppm at the Hungarian tall tower (HUN)) and smaller diurnal cycles in summer (−1 ppm at HUN) than when using constant emissions. The concentration range spanned by all simulations varies between stations, and is generally larger in winter (up to ~10 ppm peak-to-peak at HUN) than in summer (~5 ppm). The contribution of transport model differences to the simulated concentration std-dev is 2–3 times larger than the contribution of emission differences only, at typical European sites used in global inversions. These contributions to the hourly (monthly) std-dev's amount to ~1.2 (0.8) ppm and ~0.4 (0.3) ppm for transport and emissions, respectively. First comparisons of the modeled concentrations with 14C-based fossil fuel CO2 observations show that the large transport differences still hamper a quantitative evaluation/validation of the emission inventories. Changes in the estimated monthly biosphere flux (Fbio) over Europe, using two inverse modeling approaches, are relatively small (less that 5%) while changes in annual Fbio (up to ~0.15 Gt C/yr) are only slightly smaller than the differences in annual emission totals and around 30% of the mean European ecosystem carbon sink. These results point to an urgent need to improve not only the transport models but also the assumed spatial and temporal distribution of fossil fuel emission maps.

scholarly journals Development of the Forest Carbon Sink Index on Afforestation and Reforestation Activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkyung Song ◽  
Jae Soo Bae ◽  
Mi Hyun Seol
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Carbon

Research on the Establishment and Operational Mechanism of Forest Carbon-Sink Market in Coal Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1848-1851
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Weng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Price Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Trading Mechanism ◽  
Coal Enterprises

Through forestation and carbon-sink transactions, coal enterprises can not only protect the environment in coal mining areas, but also obtain the financial returns. In this paper, first of all main thought and principles in establishing forest carbon-sink market in coal industry are discussed. Then trading mechanism is designed including CM-CERs and CM-VERs, as well as the operational mechanism with the respects of factors in the market, supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism and risk mechanism. Afterward construction of primary and secondary markets of forest carbon-sink is researched. Finally the conception of integrate with Market in China through Panda Standard and World through CDM of carbon-sink are provided.

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