SHORT‐CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS ACCORDING TO ANSI/IEEE STANDARDS FOR ARC FLASH ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-177
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Ieee Standards ◽  
Arc Flash

Teaching Short - Circuit Calculation with Off - Nominal Turns Ratio Transformers

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1525-1533
Author(s):  
Allen A. Castillo ◽  
M. Natalia Galván Osuna ◽  
Norma A. Barboza Tello ◽  
Alejandra J. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Analysis ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Software Simulation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Short Circuit Calculation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ieee Standards ◽  
Short Circuit Analysis

Teaching short-circuit analysis is conducted primarily through case studies; however, there are not many validated short-circuit studies available on the subject, especially when considering off-nominal turns ratio transformers. In order to improve the teaching of short-circuit analysis, a three phase short-circuit study in an industrial system according to ANSI/IEEE standards by means of Zmatrix method is presented; two case studies are considered: the industrial system with nominal and offnominal turns ratio transformers, in both cases the step by step solution is given in an explicit manner and the analytical results are validated through software simulation.

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis in Traction Power Substations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinh D. Pham ◽  
Robert Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Arcing Faults ◽  
Insulation Failure ◽  
Arc Flash ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Ionized Air ◽  
Dc Arc

Arc flash hazards can result from accidents or equipment deterioration such as dropping tools, accidental contact with electrical equipment, build up of conductive dust, corrosion, condensation, over-voltage stress, or insulation failure. An arc is produced when electric current passes through ionized air after an initial flash over or short circuit, resulting in a flash that could produce significant heat, with temperature in excess of 35,000°F. The extremely high temperature of an electric arc can cause major burns within ten feet and fatal burns within five feet of an arc flash. Recently enacted guidelines and regulations by OSHA and NFPA 70E regarding arc flash hazards have compelled many rail transit agencies to require that an arc flash hazard analysis be performed. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the potential risk of arc faults at every switchgear and electrical panel board to which a worker may be exposed. To comply with OSHA and NFPA, appropriate work practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) must be utilized to reduce the risks associated with arc flashes. Several methods for calculating the arc-flash hazard have been developed. This paper will examine and discuss the following three methods: a) the Ralph H. Lee’s theoretical model, b) the NFPA 70E equations and tables, and c) the IEEE Std 1584 methods. None of the above methods addresses arcing faults in DC switchgear. To date, there is no written standard for DC arc flash hazard analysis. DC arcing faults and calculation methods are discussed. Sample arc flash hazard analysis from a recent rail transit project is included.

Short-Circuit Current Contribution of Doubly-Fed Wind Turbines according to IEC and IEEE Standards

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Jimenez-Buendia ◽  
A. Honrubia-Escribano ◽  
A. Lorenzo-Bonache ◽  
E. Artigao-Andicoberry ◽  
E. Gomez-Lazaro
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
Ieee Standards ◽  
Doubly Fed

scholarly journals ANALISIS ARC FLASH 6,3 KV PT HOLCIM INDONESIA TBK. BOGOR, JAWA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Juliansyah Kennedy Sugiharto ◽  
Syamsir Abduh
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
West Java ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Energy Incident ◽  
Arc Flash ◽  
Finish Mill

<p><em>Protection system is a safety system on electrical equipment in case of interference. One of the electrical hazards is the arc flash. According to IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash is a blast of heat, hot gas, and liquid metal caused by short circuit interference on the equipment. There are 3 cases of arc flash that occurred in PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. Th</em><em>e aim of this </em><em>research is to find out the amount of arc flash energy in accordance with IEEE 1584-2002 standard, to know </em><em>how much </em><em>the energy, and also</em><em> to</em><em> classify Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) category for the workers according to NFPA 70E-2009 standard. This study was applied to the 5th mill finishing area at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The results showed on the area of the Finish Mill 5 the value of the energy incident is 16.92 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS MD-1, 1.39 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS RM-1, 1.35 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS FN-2, 2.17 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS TR-71, 1.41 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on BUS TR-72, and 1.34 cal/cm<sup>2</sup> on  BUS TR-73.</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Sistem proteksi merupakan suatu sistem pengaman pada peralatan listrik jika terjadi gangguan. Salah satu bahaya listrik  adalah  arc flash. Menurut IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash merupakan ledakan panas, gas panas, dan logam cair yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat (short circuit) pada peralatan. Terdapat 3 kasus arc flash  yang terjadi di PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi arc flash yang sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1584-2002, untuk mengetahui besar energi serta mengklasifikasi kategori Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) bagi pekerja sesuai dengan standar NFPA 70E-2009. Studi ini diterapkan  pada area Finish Mill 5 pada PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada area Finish Mill 5 nilai insiden energinya yaitu  16,92 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS MD-1, 1,39 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS RM-1, 1,35 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS FN-2, 2,17 kal/</em><em>cm<sup>2</sup></em><em> pada BUS TR-71, 1,41 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS TR-72, dan 1,34 kal/cm<sup>2</sup> pada BUS TR-73.</em></p>

scholarly journals Thermal and Arc Flash Analysis of Electric Motor Drives in Distribution Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Srete Nikolovski ◽  
Dragan Mlakić ◽  
Emir Alibašić
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electric Motor Drives ◽  
Arc Flash ◽  
Energy Computation

The paper presents thermal analysis and arc flash analysis taking care of protection relays coordination settings for electric motor drives connected to the electrical network. Power flow analysis is performed to check if there are any voltage and loading violation conditions in the system. Fault analysis is performed to check the short circuit values and compute arc flash energy dissipated at industrial busbars to eliminate damage to electrical equipment and electrical shocks and hazard to personnel. Computers enable the use of smart algorithms used by electrical engineers in providing accuracy of these actions. A fast and accurate procedure for proper incident arc flash energy computation and overcurrent relays coordination in distribution networks is presented. The paper presents the use of the Arc Flash module for arc flash energy computation during the short circuit on LV and HV busbars with soft motor starters. A sample case of one real network is presented which uses soft motor starters as well as the influence on arc flash energy in one transformer station supplying the industrial network in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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