Shear-Stress Profile along a Cell Focal Adhesion

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Raz–Ben Aroush ◽  
H. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
A Cell

Numerical Analysis on the Refractory Wear of the Blast Furnace Main Trough

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ca Min Chang ◽  
Yon Sen Lin ◽  
Chien Nan Pan ◽  
Wen Tung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Refractory Wear ◽  
Main Trough ◽  
Split Operator ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
Volume Method

This study aims to numerically analyze the refractory wear of the blast furnace main trough. The three dimensional transient Navier-Stocks equation associated with the volume of fluid (VOF) was developed to describe the flow fields of air, molten iron and slag in the main trough of the blast furnace during tapping process; and then solved by the finite volume method (FVM) subject to the pressure implicit with split operator (PSIO). Based on the Newton’s law of viscosity, the computed shear stress profile in the impingement region consists with the erosion rate of main trough from the no. 4 blast furnace at China Steel Corporation (CSC BF4). The influence of the tapping angle and the ratio of iron to slag in tapping stream on the wall shear stress of main trough was also examined for the suggestion to minimize the refractory wear of blast furnace main trough in this work.

scholarly journals Impaired handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in young obese males

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Slattery ◽  
Troy J.R. Stuckless ◽  
Trevor J. King ◽  
Kyra E. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
Forearm Occlusion

Flow mediated dilation (FMD) stimulated by different shear stress stimulus profiles may recruit distinct transduction mechanisms, and provide distinct information regarding endothelial function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity influences brachial artery FMD differently depending on the shear stress profile used for FMD assessment. The FMD response to a brief, intermediate, and sustained shear stress profile was assessed in obese (n = 9) and lean (n = 19) young men as follows: brief stimulus, standard reactive hyperemia (RH) following a 5 min forearm occlusion (5 min RH); intermediate stimulus, RH following a 15 min forearm occlusion (15 min RH); sustained stimulus, 10 min of handgrip exercise (HGEX). Brachial artery diameter and mean shear stress were assessed using echo and Doppler ultrasound, respectively, during each FMD test. There was no group difference in HGEX shear stress (p = 0.390); however, the obese group had a lower HGEX-FMD (5.2 ± 3.0% versus 11.5 ± 4.4%, p < 0.001). There was no group difference in 5 min RH-FMD (p = 0.466) or 15 min RH-FMD (p = 0.181); however, the shear stress stimulus was larger in the obese group. After normalization to the stimulus the 15 min RH-FMD (p = 0.002), but not the 5 min RH-FMD (p = 0.118) was lower in the obese group. These data suggest that obesity may have a more pronounced impact on the endothelium’s ability to respond to prolonged increases in shear stress.

Streamwise development of turbulent boundary-layer drag reduction with polymer injection

2008 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 31-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. X. HOU ◽  
V. S. R. SOMANDEPALLI ◽  
M. G. MUNGAL
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Reynolds Shear Stress ◽  
Depletion Region ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Total Stress ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Shear Stress Profile

Zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary-layer drag reduction by polymer injection has been studied with particle image velocimetry. Flow fields ranging from low to maximum drag reduction have been investigated. A previously developed technique – the (1 − y/δ) fit to the total shear stress profile – has been used to evaluate the skin friction, drag reduction and polymer stress. Current results agree well with the semi-log plot of drag reduction vs. normalized polymer flux which has been used by previous workers and can be used as a guide to optimize the use of polymer from a single injector. Detailed flow-field statistics show many special features that pertain to polymer flow. It is shown that the mean velocity responds quickly to the suddenly reduced wall shear stress associated with polymer injection. However, it takes a much longer time for the entire Reynolds shear stress profile to adjust to the same change. The Reynolds shear stress profiles in wall units can be higher than unity and this unique feature can be used to further judge whether the flow is in equilibrium. The streamwise evolution of drag reduction magnitude is used to divide the flow into three regions: development region; steady-state region; and depletion region. The polymer stress is estimated and found to be proportional to drag reduction in the depletion region, but not necessarily so in the other regions. The interaction between injected polymer and turbulent activity in a developing boundary-layer flow is dependent upon the flow history and it produces an equally complex relationship between polymer stress and drag reduction. The stress balance in the boundary layer and the dynamical contribution of the various stresses to the total stress are evaluated and it is seen that the polymer stresses can account for up to 25% of the total stress. This finding is in contrast to channel flows with homogeneous polymer injection where the polymer stress is found to account for up to 60% of the total stress.

Marangoni effects caused by contaminants adsorbed on bubble surfaces

2010 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER LAKSHMANAN ◽  
PETER EHRHARD
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Solid Sphere ◽  
Bubble Surface ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
Marangoni Effects

The influence of Marangoni stresses, caused by contaminants adsorbed on the surface of small air bubbles, rising in water, is examined by numerical simulations. A modified level set method is used to represent the deformable bubble interface, extended by a model for the contaminant transport on the bubble surface. We show that surface tension variations of less than 2% are sufficient to generate Marangoni stresses that are strong enough to change the rising characteristics of a bubble to that of a corresponding solid particle. In such situations, we find that the bubble surface is fully covered with contaminant and the shear stress profile resembles the shear stress profile around a solid sphere.

Comprehensive shear stress analysis of turbulent boundary layer profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 360-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer M. Womack ◽  
Charles Meneveau ◽  
Michael P. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Streamwise Location ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
Total Shear Stress ◽  
Total Shear

Motivated by the need for accurate determination of wall shear stress from profile measurements in turbulent boundary layer flows, the total shear stress balance is analysed and reformulated using several well-established semi-empirical relations. The analysis highlights the significant effect that small pressure gradients can have on parameters deduced from data even in nominally zero pressure gradient boundary layers. Using the comprehensive shear stress balance together with the log-law equation, it is shown that friction velocity, roughness length and zero-plane displacement can be determined with only velocity and turbulent shear stress profile measurements at a single streamwise location for nominally zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. Application of the proposed analysis to turbulent smooth- and rough-wall experimental data shows that the friction velocity is determined with accuracy comparable to force balances (approximately 1 %–4 %). Additionally, application to boundary layer data from previous studies provides clear evidence that the often cited discrepancy between directly measured friction velocities (e.g. using force balances) and those derived from traditional total shear stress methods is likely due to the small favourable pressure gradient imposed by a fixed cross-section facility. The proposed comprehensive shear stress analysis can account for these small pressure gradients and allows more accurate boundary layer wall shear stress or friction velocity determination using commonly available mean velocity and shear stress profile data from a single streamwise location.

scholarly journals The Effect of MHD on a Longitudinal Flow of a Fractional Maxwell Fluid between Two Coaxial Cylinders

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 0648
Author(s):  
Murad Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Maxwell Fluid ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Longitudinal Flow ◽  
Fluid Equation ◽  
General Solutions ◽  
Coaxial Cylinders ◽  
Shear Stress Profile ◽  
Limiting Case

      In this paper fractional Maxwell fluid equation has been solved. The solution is in the Mettag-Leffler form. For  the corresponding solutions for ordinary Maxwell fluid are obtained as limiting case of general solutions. Finally, the effects of different parameters on the velocity and shear stress profile are analyzed through plotting the velocity and shear stress profile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document