Cell/Bacteria‐Based Bioactive Materials for Cancer Immune Modulation and Precision Therapy (Adv. Mater. 50/2021)

: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a form of adult stem cells, are known to have a self-renewing property and the potential to specialize into a multitude of cells and tissues such as adipocytes, cartilage cells, and fibroblasts. MSCs can migrate and home to the desired target zone where inflammation is present. The unique characteristics of MSCs in repairing, differentiation, regeneration, and its high capacity of immune modulation has attracted tremendous attention for exerting them in clinical purposes, as they contribute to tissue regeneration process and anti-tumor activity. The MSCs-based treatment has demonstrated remarkable applicability towards various diseases such as heart and bone malignancies, and cancer cells. Importantly, genetically engineered MSCs, as a state-of-the-art therapeutic approach, could address some clinical hurdles by systemic secretion of cytokines and other agents with a short half-life and high toxicity. Therefore, understanding the biological aspects and the characteristics of MSCs is an imperative issue of concern. Herein, we provide an overview of the therapeutic application and the biological features of MSCs against different inflammatory diseases and cancer cells. We further shed light on MSCs physiological interaction, such as migration, homing, and tissue repairing mechanisms with different healthy and inflamed tissues.

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Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200731174724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Shahzad Khan ◽

Syed S. Ahmad ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Cardiac Cell ◽

Clinical Heart Failure ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Apoptosis And Necrosis

: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradual failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodellings such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction initially and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, we have briefly discussed the pathophysiology of DCM. We have also briefly mentioned potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM.

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