scholarly journals Ultrastructural features of chloride cells in the gill epithelium of the atlantic salmon,Salmo salar, and their modifications during smoltification

1988 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pisam ◽  
P. Prunet ◽  
G. Boeuf ◽  
A. Jrambourg
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

scholarly journals Effects of growth hormone on gill chloride cells in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R850-R857 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prunet ◽  
M. Pisam ◽  
J. P. Claireaux ◽  
G. Boeuf ◽  
A. Rambourg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Alpha Cells ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Accessory Cells

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of ovine growth hormone (oGH) on both the ultrastructural features of chloride cells and the ability of gills to extrude Na+ after transfer into seawater. February presmolts and June parrs of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were implanted with oGH. In such animals, spontaneously showing a poor ability to adapt themselves to seawater life, GH significantly increased gill Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase activity as well as gill sodium efflux into seawater. When examined by electron microscope, two types of chloride cells (alpha- and beta-types) were identified in control parrs and presmolts. GH treatment induced an increase in size and number of alpha-cells that displayed an extensive tubular system, while the beta-cells, thought to be specific to freshwater life, decreased in number. There was, concomitantly, an increase in number of accessory cells associated with the apical portion of the alpha-cells and, as a result, the formation of extensive shallow junctions between these cell types. Such functional and ultrastructural modifications that mimicked those naturally occurring during the last steps of the smoltification strongly suggest that GH stimulates the differentiation of freshwater chloride cells toward a seawater type.

Contrasts in development and smolting of genetically distinct sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim P. Birt ◽  
John M. Green ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Breeding Populations

Parameters associated with the parr–smolt transformation were compared in cultured 1+ anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon derived from wild broodstock collected in Gambo River, Newfoundland. Progeny of nonanadromous salmon were significantly longer at swim-up than progeny of anadromous salmon, although consistent differences in growth performance were not observed during most of the 1 st year of development. Anadromous salmon grew more rapidly than nonanadromous salmon in the spring months during the smolting period. Distinct differences were noted between groups in seasonal levels of body silvering, gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity, and size and number of gill chloride cells. Most male nonanadromous salmon matured as "post-smolts," whereas maturation was not observed among female nonanadromous nor among either sex in the anadromous group. Differences between anadromous and nonanadromous salmon were not observed in seasonal levels of body moisture, plasma Na+ and Cl−, condition factor, or salinity tolerance. Differences noted between groups are probably genetic in nature and suggest that the two forms of salmon in Gambo River represent separate breeding populations.

scholarly journals Infection with low numbers of the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis induces stress-related effects in postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Nolan ◽  
P Reilly ◽  
SE Wendelaar Bonga
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis

Infection of postsmolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with three, six, or 10 preadult and adult sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) per fish resulted in changes to epithelial structure and at sites in the skin and gill, distant from lice attachment and feeding. In the skin, increased apoptosis and necrosis occurred in the superficial epithelial cells and numbers of mucous cells decreased. In the gill, where no lice were found, uplifting of the epithelium, intercellular swelling, and infiltration by leukocytes occurred in filaments and lamellae. High cell turnover of chloride cells was associated with significantly elevated gill Na+/K+-ATPase activities. Serum chloride levels were elevated in the 3 and 6 lice/fish groups, and the serum Na to Cl ratio was lower in all parasitized groups at 5 days. The results indicate that infection with low numbers of the preadult and adult parasite induced changes characteristic of a stress response. In the low- and medium-infested groups, homeostatic recovery had occurred by 10 days, but recovery was incomplete in the highly infected group. Thus, 10 lice per fish, which is a low infestation level in nature, is stressful and creates a long period during which the overall condition of the skin and gill epithelia may render the fish susceptible to secondary infections.

Influence of Photoperiod on the Number and Ultrastructure of Gill Chloride Cells of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) before and during Smoltification

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Lubin ◽  
A. W. Rourke ◽  
Richard L. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Natural Photoperiod

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) larger than 9 cm held under constant light since October had greater numbers of gill chloride cells in February compared with fish held under simulated natural photoperiod. By April, fish raised under simulated natural photoperiod were able to survive salinity tests, had a threefold increase in Na+/K+ ATPase activity, and had increased chloride cell numbers. These increases and salinity tolerance did not occur in fish raised under constant light. Only fish reared under constant light developed apical pits with large and numerous microvilli.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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