Ultrastructural alterations in branchial chloride cells of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, during parr-smolt transformation and early development in sea water

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Lubin ◽  
A. W. Rourke ◽  
T. M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Nutritive value of partially dehulled and extruded sunflower meal for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in sea water

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (13) ◽  
pp. 1348-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Gill ◽  
David A Higgs ◽  
Brent J Skura ◽  
Mahmoud Rowshandeli ◽  
Bakhshish S Dosanjh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Winter temperature and food quality affect age at maturity: an experimental test with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bror Jonsson ◽  
Anders G. Finstad ◽  
Nina Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Field studies have revealed that many ectotherms mature younger and smaller in warmer environments although they grow faster. This has puzzled ecologists because the direct effect of factors that accelerate growth is expected to be larger, not smaller size. We tested this experimentally for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at two winter temperatures and diets. Logistic regression revealed that the probability of maturation during the second year in sea water, relative to the probability of older maturation, increased with temperature and growth rate during the first winter. Also, large size and high condition factor 1 year prior to maturation stimulated maturation. In females, a high lipid diet increased the probability of maturation as one-sea-winter fish, and there were significant interactions between winter temperature and food quality and between body size and condition factor the first autumn in sea water. Thus, if the direct effect of temperature on growth rate is the main effect of warming, salmon are likely to attain maturity younger and smaller. Also, richer food decreased age at maturation in females. This finding has consequences for interpretations of climate change impacts on age at maturity in Atlantic salmon and may also hold for many other ectotherm species.

scholarly journals Low Oxygen Stress During Early Development Influences Regulation of Hypoxia-Response Genes in Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3179-3188
Author(s):  
Tara Kelly ◽  
Hanne Johnsen ◽  
Erik Burgerhout ◽  
Helge Tveiten ◽  
Tina Thesslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Abstract Survival and growth of developing salmonids are negatively affected by low oxygen levels within gravel nests in natural streams, and hypoxic stress is often experienced by farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) within hatcheries. Exposure to hypoxia during early development may have long-lasting effects by altering epigenetic marks and gene expression in oxygen regulatory pathways. Here, we examine the transcriptomic response to low dissolved oxygen (DO) in post-hatch salmon reared continuously in 30%, 60% or 100% DO from fertilization until start of feeding. RNA sequencing revealed multiple differentially expressed genes, including oxygen transporting hemoglobin embryonic α subunit (hbae) and EGLN3 family hypoxia-inducible factor 3 (egln3) which regulates the stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Both hbae and egln3 displayed expression levels inversely correlated to oxygen concentration, and DNA methylation patterns within the egln3 promoter were negatively associated with the transcript levels. These results suggest that epigenetic processes are influenced by low oxygen levels during early development in Atlantic salmon to upregulate hypoxia-response genes.

Renin, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Blood Plasma Ions in Parr and Smolts of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar L. and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss (Walbaum) in Fresh Water and After Short-Term Exposure to Sea Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
N. F. SMITH ◽  
F. B. EDDY ◽  
A. D. STRUTHERS ◽  
C. TALBOT
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts were abruptly transferred to sea water in May and over 3 days blood plasma ion concentrations were determined together with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and plasma renin activity (PRA) using antibodies raised against human ANP and angiotensin I. Blood plasma Na+ and Cl− levels in smolts increased and, between 24 and 72 h, PRA increased significantly to 0.9 ng ml−1 h−1, while there was a gradual rise in ANP levels to 10 pmol l−1 at 72 h. Similar measurements were made on parr transferred to sea water in September; in these fish Na+ and Cl− levels increased as in smolts, PRA remained unchanged at about 0.6 ng ml−1 h−1 and ANP levels increased significantly to about 20pmoll−1 at 24 and 72 h. After 2h in sea water parr showed wide variability in ANP levels, in keeping with circulatory stress, hypoxia and increased atrial stretching. Parr transferred to sea water in December showed low drinking rates of 1.95 ml kg−1 h−1, even after 20 days, compared to a high drinking rate of about 7 ml kg−1 h−1 reported for smolts transferred in May. Rainbow trout acclimated to sea water for 3 weeks showed elevated levels of both ANP and PRA, similar to values reported for marine species. Freshwater rainbow trout fed a high-salt diet (12% NaCl) showed significantly elevated levels of ANP compared to fish fed a normal diet (1.5 % NaCl), while PRA levels were depressed, though not significantly.

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