scholarly journals How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid performance trait?

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Reese ◽  
Joseph H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Performance Trait ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate

Drought limits pollen tube growth rate by altering carbohydrate metabolism in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) pistils

Plant Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Dimitra A. Loka ◽  
Rizwan Zahoor ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate

scholarly journals Apple Pollen Tube Growth Rates Are Regulated by Parentage and Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace N. DeLong ◽  
Keith S. Yoder ◽  
Leon Combs ◽  
Richard E. Veilleux ◽  
Gregory M. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate

A greater understanding of apple (Malus ×domestica) pollen tube growth rates can improve crop load management in commercial orchards. Specifically, applications of caustic bloom-thinning chemicals need to occur when enough, but not too many, flowers have been fertilized to achieve crop load densities that balance yields with marketable fruit sizes. In this study, the pollen tube growth rates of five crabapple (Malus sp.) cultivars were measured in the styles of three maternal cultivars at 12, 18, 24, and 30 °C after 24 hours in a growth chamber. Pollen tube growth rates were greatest for ‘Selkirk’ and ‘Thunderchild’ at 12 °C, and greatest for ‘Indian Summer’, ‘Selkirk’, and ‘Thunderchild’ at 24 °C. Pollen tube growth increased with increasing temperatures until 24 °C. There were minimal pollen tube growth rate increases between 24 and 30 °C. Overall, ‘Snowdrift’ had the slowest pollen tube growth rate of the five evaluated crabapple genotypes. At 24 and 30 °C, ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Thunderchild’ pollen tubes reached the base of the style most frequently, and ‘Snowdrift’ pollen tubes the least frequently. Pollen tube growth rate was also influenced by the maternal cultivar, with Golden Delicious having relatively faster pollen tube growth than Fuji at 24 and 30 °C. Interactions among paternal and maternal genotypes as well as temperature after pollination reveal complex biological and environmental relationships that can be used to develop more precise crop load management strategies for apple orchards.

scholarly journals Pollen-tube growth rate and seed-siring success amongBetula pendulaclones

1999 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. PASONEN ◽  
P. PULKKINEN ◽  
M. KÄPYLÄ ◽  
A. BLOM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Siring Success

scholarly journals For things to stay the same, things must change: polyploidy and pollen tube growth rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H Williams ◽  
Paulo E Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Genome Reorganization ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate

Abstract Background and Aims Pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) is an important single-cell performance trait that may evolve rapidly under haploid selection. Angiosperms have experienced repeated cycles of polyploidy (whole genome duplication), and polyploidy has cell-level phenotypic consequences arising from increased bulk DNA amount and numbers of genes and their interactions. We sought to understand potential effects of polyploidy on several underlying determinants of PTGR – pollen tube dimensions and construction rates – by comparing diploid–polyploid near-relatives in Betula (Betulaceae) and Handroanthus (Bignoniaceae). Methods We performed intraspecific, outcrossed hand-pollinations on pairs of flowers. In one flower, PTGR was calculated from the longest pollen tube per time of tube elongation. In the other, styles were embedded in glycol methacrylate, serial-sectioned in transverse orientation, stained and viewed at 1000× to measure tube wall thicknesses (W) and circumferences (C). Volumetric growth rate (VGR) and wall production rate (WPR) were then calculated for each tube by multiplying cross-sectional tube area (πr2) or wall area (W × C), by the mean PTGR of each maternal replicate respectively. Key Results In Betula and Handroanthus, the hexaploid species had significantly wider pollen tubes (13 and 25 %, respectively) and significantly higher WPRs (22 and 18 %, respectively) than their diploid congeners. PTGRs were not significantly different in both pairs, even though wider polyploid tubes were predicted to decrease PTGRs by 16 and 20 %, respectively. Conclusions The larger tube sizes of polyploids imposed a substantial materials cost on PTGR, but polyploids also exhibited higher VGRs and WPRs, probably reflecting the evolution of increased metabolic activity. Recurrent cycles of polyploidy followed by genome reorganization may have been important for the evolution of fast PTGRs in angiosperms, involving a complex interplay between correlated changes in ploidy level, genome size, cell size and pollen tube energetics.

scholarly journals How does genome size affect the evolution of pollen tube growth rate, a haploid performance trait?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Reese ◽  
Joseph H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Tube Cell ◽  
Model Weight

ABSTRACTPremise of the StudyMale gametophytes of most seed plants deliver sperm to eggs via a pollen tube. Pollen tube growth rates (PTGRs) of angiosperms are exceptionally rapid, a pattern attributed to more effective haploid selection under stronger pollen competition. Paradoxically, whole genome duplication (WGD) has been common in angiosperms but rare in gymnosperms. Pollen tube polyploidy should initially accelerate PTGR because increased heterozygosity and gene dosage should increase metabolic rates, however polyploidy should also independently increase tube cell size, causing more work which should decelerate growth. We asked how genome size changes have affected the evolution of seed plant PTGRs.MethodsWe assembled a phylogenetic tree of 451 species with known PTGRs. We then used comparative phylogenetic methods to detect effects of neo-polyploidy (within-genus origins), DNA content, and WGD history on PTGR, and correlated evolution of PTGR and DNA content.Key ResultsGymnosperms had significantly higher DNA content and slower PTGR optima than angiosperms, and their PTGR and DNA content were negatively correlated. For angiosperms, 89% of model weight favored Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models with a faster PTGR optimum for neo-polyploids, but PTGR and DNA content were not correlated. In comparisons of within-genus and intraspecific-cytotype pairs, PTGRs of neo-polyploids ≤ paleo-polyploids.ConclusionsGenome size increases should negatively affect PTGR when genetic consequences of WGDs are minimized, as found in intra-specific autopolyploids (low heterosis) and gymnosperms (few WGDs). But in angiosperms, the higher PTGR optimum of neo-polyploids and non-negative PTGR-DNA content correlation suggest that recurrent WGDs have caused substantial PTGR evolution in a non-haploid state.

Interspecific pollen–pistil incongruity in Salix

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mosseler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
North America ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube Penetration ◽  
Foreign Species ◽  
Salix Spp

Pollination barriers that restrict hybridization between six Salix spp. (S. amygdaloides Anderss., S. exigua Nutt., and S.lucida Muhl., of subgenus Salix, and S. discolor Muhl., S. eriocephala Michx., and S. petiolaris Smith of subgenus Vetrix) and that are sympatric over much of their ranges in central North America were investigated through artificial cross pollination. Foreign species' pollen generally adhered to and germinated on the stigma. Pollen–pistil incongruity was most often expressed as reduced pollen tube growth rate, but the degree of incongruity was highly variable within and between different species combinations. Morphological abnormalities such as swollen, coiled, and undirected pollen tube growth were observed in some crosses but were not common. The stigma of S. eriocephala Michx. exhibited a particularly strong and characteristic inhibition of all foreign species' pollen tube growth. Despite the presence of some form of pollen–pistil incongruity in most interspecific crosses, pollen tube penetration of the ovule micropyle (fertilization) was successful in several species combinations.

scholarly journals Differences in Pollen-Tube Growth Rate and Reproductive Isolation Between Louisiana Irises

1997 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Carney ◽  
M. L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate

Pollen performance and male fitness in an anemophilous, monoecious tree, Betula pendula

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1284-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Pietarinen ◽  
Hanna-Leena Pasonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Grain Size

Betula pendula Roth clones were examined to study the relationship between pollen grain size and pollen tube growth rate and pollen and seed performance. Two hypotheses were tested: (i) pollen donors with larger pollen grains have faster growing pollen tubes and (ii) maternal plants produce more seeds when inflorescences have been pollinated by pollen from donors with fast pollen tube growth. Pollen from 15 plants was collected, and pollen grain sizes and pollen tube growth rates were studied in vitro. Eight maternal clones were pollinated by pollen from seven paternal clones, pollen tube growth rates of the pollen donors were measured on each maternal plant, and the number and mass of the resulting seeds were analysed. There was no correlation between pollen grain size and pollen tube growth rate in vitro. Also, there was no relationship between pollen tube growth rate and the number of produced or aborted seeds. Thus, the hypothesis that larger pollen grains would have longer pollen tubes was not supported by the present study. The results of the present study do not support the idea that pollen donors with fast pollen tube growth should sire more and better seeds.Key words: Betula pendula, female choice, nonrandom abortion, pollen competition, sexual selection.

X-RAY INACTIVATION OF THE STYLAR COMPONENT OF THE SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY REACTION IN LILIUM LONGIFLORUM

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Hopper ◽  
S. J. Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth Rate ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction ◽  
Incompatible Pollen Tube

Styles of self-incompatible Lilium longiflorum cultivars were X-irradiated to determine the effect on subsequent pollen tube growth. Incompatible pollen tube growth rate in styles exposed to 24 to 70 kr prior to pollination was as high as that of compatible tubes growing in untreated styles. No effect was detected following 6 kr or less; following 6 kr to 24 kr there was a corresponding increase in growth rate. The growth rate of compatible tubes was unaffected by X-irradiation of the styles. Inactivation of the stylar component of the incompatibility reaction by X-irradiation provides a method for obtaining self-seed as well as a possible means of exploring the biochemical nature of this pollen-style interaction.

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