scholarly journals The macronutrient composition of wild and cultivated plant foods of West African chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) inhabiting an anthropogenic landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bryson‐Morrison ◽  
Andy Beer ◽  
Aly Gaspard Soumah ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa ◽  
Tatyana Humle
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
West African ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscape ◽  
Cultivated Plant

Timing and probability of ovulation in relation to sex skin swelling in wild West African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Deschner ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
Keith Hodges ◽  
Christophe Boesch
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
West African ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Sex Skin ◽  
Wild West

Intragroup Lethal Aggression in West African Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus): Inferred Killing of a Former Alpha Male at Fongoli, Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill D. Pruetz ◽  
Kelly Boyer Ontl ◽  
Elizabeth Cleaveland ◽  
Stacy Lindshield ◽  
Joshua Marshack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
West African ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Alpha Male ◽  
Lethal Aggression

scholarly journals Phylogeography, conservation genetics and parasitology of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Sá
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
West African ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Continuous Forest

Chimpanzees are disappearing at an alarming rate and it is imperative that strategies should be applied towards their conservation. The evolutionary history of West African chimpanzees remains ambiguous and controversial. Chimpanzees in Guinea-Bissau live at the most western limit of the species distribution and no studies so far have included individuals from this area. Little is known about their ecological, social and behavioural characteristics and their phylogeography and genetic structure has never been evaluated. Furthermore, little is known about their symbiontic fauna.The aims of my Ph.D. research were to evaluate concomitant threat factors that may have a negative impact on chimpanzee persistence in Guinea-Bissau, and to test a set of hypothesis regarding their phylogeographic and genetic structure. First I report on the trade and ethnobiological use of chimpanzee body parts for traditional practices. Second, I investigate how Guinea-Bissau chimpanzees relate to other members of the Pan troglodytes verus subspecies in West Africa especially those from Guinea Conakry in order to uncover their evolutionary history. Third, I assess their genetic diversity and structure where I expected to find significant population genetic structure among isolated subpopulations. Finally, I investigate the gastrointestinal symbiont diversity of chimpanzees living in a disturbed habitat, especially focusing on infection from parasites with direct life cycles and the effects of increased intra and interspecific contact.My research shows that in addition to habitat loss and fragmentation and the pet trade, transnational traffic and the use of chimpanzee body parts for traditional purposes constitute additional threats and must be taken into consideration for conservation measures. Second, I showed that Guinea-Bissau chimpanzees have experienced a complex paleodemographic history revealed by the phylogeographic analyses suggesting that an historical bottleneck followed by several expansion events. Furthermore, a clear pattern of genetic structure was observed where isolation by distance and vicariance have affected patterns of genetic structure. Chimpanzee females were inferred to disperse in a stepping stone way. Moreover, the two main mitochondrial lineages emerged during the early Pleistocene (1-0.78 MYA) and the divergence time of the haplogroups dates back to middle Pleistocene (0.78-0.12 MYA) coincident with the Gunz (0.68-0.62 MYA) and Mindel (0.45-0.30 MYA) glaciations that caused the contraction of west African tropical forests but followed by an expansion afterwards during the interglaciar periods that restored its connectivity. Lastly, I identified at least 13 different symbiotic genera (Troglodytella abrassarti, Troglocorys cava, Blastocystis spp., Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba buestcshlii, Giardia intestinalis, Chilomastix mesnilii, Bertiella sp., Probstmayria gombensis, unidentified strongylids, Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni and Trichuris sp.), which have colonized the Guinea-Bissau chimpanzee gastrointestinal tract. Symbiont richness was higher in chimpanzee subpopulations living in fragmented forests compared to the community inhabiting continuous forest area. In fragmented areas chimpanzee density and range-use intensity decreased, which might contribute to low prevalence/total absence of Trichuris sp. in samples from chimpanzees in these areas when compared with those inhabiting continuous forest.

scholarly journals Long-term reciprocation of grooming in wild West African chimpanzees

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina M Gomes ◽  
Roger Mundry ◽  
Christophe Boesch
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
West African ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Wild West

Humans are well known for their ability to keep track of social debts over extended periods of time, and for their tendency to preferentially cooperate with closely bonded partners. Non-human primates have been shown to cooperate with kin and non-kin, and reciprocate helpful acts. However, there is ongoing debate over whether they keep track of previous interactions and, if so, whether they can do it over extended periods of time, or are constrained to finalize exchanges within a single encounter. In this study, we used 3000 hours of all-day focal follows of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) to investigate whether both females and males reciprocate grooming within a single interaction, throughout the day, or over longer periods of time. We found that grooming was reciprocated more symmetrically when measured on a long-term, rather than on an immediate or short-term basis. Random giving, general allocation of grooming efforts, similarities among individuals and kinship do not appear to explain these highly reciprocal exchanges. Previously collected consecutive focal follows of single individuals revealed that dyads groomed an average of once every 7 days. Our findings strongly suggest that chimpanzees, similar to humans, are able to keep track of past social interactions, at least for a one-week period, and balance services over repeated encounters.

scholarly journals Activity and Habitat Use of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Anthropogenic Landscape of Bossou, Guinea, West Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bryson-Morrison ◽  
Joseph Tzanopoulos ◽  
Tetsuro Matsuzawa ◽  
Tatyana Humle
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscape

scholarly journals No evidence for transmission of SIVwrc from western red colobus monkeys (piliocolobus badius badius) to wild west african chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) despite high exposure through hunting

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siv Aina J Leendertz ◽  
Sabrina Locatelli ◽  
Christophe Boesch ◽  
Claudia Kücherer ◽  
Pierre Formenty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
West African ◽  
Pan Troglodytes Verus ◽  
Red Colobus ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Red Colobus Monkeys ◽  
Colobus Monkeys ◽  
Wild West
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