Integrating feeding behavior, ecological data, and DNA barcoding to identify developmental differences in invertebrate foraging strategies in wild white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus )

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Mallott ◽  
Paul A. Garber ◽  
Ripan S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Cebus Capucinus ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Ecological Data

scholarly journals The Influence of Food Density, Flock Size, and Disturbance on the Functional Response of Bewick’s Swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) in Wintering Habitats

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yu ◽  
Lizhi Zhou ◽  
Nazia Mahtab ◽  
Shaojun Fan ◽  
Yunwei Song
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Cygnus Columbianus

Perceiving how animals adjust their feeding rate under a variety of environmental conditions and understanding the tradeoffs in their foraging strategies are necessary for conservation. The Holling functional response, which describes the relationship of feeding rate and food density to searching rate and handling time, has been applied to a range of waterbirds, especially with regard to Type II functional responses that describe an increasing feeding rate with food density but at a decelerating rate as the curve approaches the asymptote. However, feeding behavior components (feeding rate, searching rate, and handling time) are influenced by factors besides prey density, such as vigilance and flock size. In this study, we aim to elucidate how Bewick’s swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) adopt flexible foraging strategies and vary their feeding behavior components in response to disturbance, flock size, and food density. We collected focal sampling data on the foraging behavior of swans that foraged rice grains, foxnut seeds, and tubers in paddy field, foxnut pond, and lake habitats, respectively, in Shengjin and Huangpi lakes during winter from 2016 to 2018. The observed feeding rate was not correlated with food density and displayed a positive relationship with searching rate but negative relationships with handling time, flock size, overall vigilance time, and disturbance time. Handling time was negatively correlated with food density and flock size, yet it increased with disturbance, overall vigilance time, and normal vigilance time. Searching rate was negatively correlated with food density, flock size, and disturbance time. Feeding rate was affected by the combined effects of handling time and searching rate, as well as food density and searching rate. The shape of the observed functional response could not be fitted to Holling’s disc equation. However, the disc equation of the predicted feeding rate of wintering swans was found to be driven by food density. This provides insight into how wintering waterbirds adopt appropriate foraging strategies in response to complicated environmental factors, which has implications for wildlife conservation and habitat management.

scholarly journals Population status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Md Amdadul Haque ◽  
Rasel Ahammed ◽  
Monirujjaman ◽  
Md Abraharul Islam ◽  
Md Nahid H Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Population Estimation ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
The Status

The status and feeding behavior of black kite (Milvus migrans) in Dhaka city were studied from July 2015 to June 2017. Road transects and morning roost-count method were used for population estimation and distribution, whereas focal sampling method was used to study the feeding and foraging behavior. Based on roosting and foraging areas, five transects were selected for population estimation. Moreover, six different feeding areas were selected for identifying various types of consumed food and assessing the feeding behavior of black kite. The black kite population was estimated at (1296±5.87) in Dhaka city. The population density was estimated at 21.8/km2. Among selected five different transects, the recorded population ranged from 108.12±6.70, 8.34%) at S-3 (Mirpur to Ramna Park) to 805±11.88, 62.11% of individuals at S-5 (Gulistan to Demra). The present study revealed that black kites were distributed throughout the study area and the distribution was influenced by availability of food, water and roosting place. Based on the annual records, the highest population (1510±6.92) was found in 2016. Majority of black kites fed on offal and insects in study area. In garbage dumps, the highest rate of feeding was recorded in afternoon followed by in morning and lowest in the noon. Whereas in non-garbage feeding areas, the highest rate was recorded in the morning followed by in the afternoon and lowest in the noon. Among four different foraging strategies, food collection by kites standing on the ground and intraspecific cleptoparasitism was never observed during study period while interspecific cleptoparasitism (against crows) was the highest number (193.67±2.77, 68.43%). Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 35-48, 2020 (June & December)

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Morphometric Data of Pre-modern Birds: Phylogenetic Versus Ecological Signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Bell ◽  
Jesús Marugán-Lobón ◽  
Guillermo Navalón ◽  
Sergio M. Nebreda ◽  
John DiGuildo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Phylogenetic Signature

Birds are one of the most diverse clades of extant terrestrial vertebrates, a diversity that first arose during the Mesozoic as a multitude of lineages of pre-neornithine (stem) birds appeared but did not survive into the Cenozoic Era. Modern birds (Neornithes) inhabit an extensive array of ecologically distinct habitats and have specific and varied foraging strategies. Likewise, the morphological disparity among Mesozoic lineages appears to underscore a significant degree of ecological diversity, yet attempts to determine lineage-specific ecologies have mainly been limited to superficial narratives. In recent years, numerous studies have used various morphometric proxies to interpret the paleoecology of Mesozoic bird lineages, but largely without evaluating the interplay between ecological and phylogenetic signals. Moreover, most studies of this sort transform the original data into logarithms to control dimensionality, underestimating the biases induced upon such transformations. The goal of this study is to quantitatively address the ecomorphology of crown-group Neornithes using a dense sample of raw forelimb and hindlimb measurements, and to examine if such results can be used to infer the ecologies of Mesozoic bird lineages. To that end, scaling of limb measurements and ecological data from modern birds was assessed statistically using phylogenetic comparative methods, followed by the inclusion of fossil taxa. A strong relationship was recovered between humerus and hindlimb allometric scaling and phylogeny. Our results indicate that while some ecological classes of modern birds can be discriminated from each other, phylogenetic signature can overwhelm ecological signal in morphometric data, potentially limiting the inferences that can be made from ecomorphological studies. Furthermore, we found differential scaling of leg bones among Early Cretaceous enantiornithines and ornithuromorphs, a result hinting that habitat partitioning among different lineages could be a pervasive phenomenon in avian evolution.

scholarly journals Morphology, pollen preferences and DNA-barcoding of five Austrian species in the Colletes succinctus group (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-138
Author(s):  
Katharina Zenz ◽  
Herbert Zettel ◽  
Michael Kuhlmann ◽  
Harald W. Krenn
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
First Time

Most species of the Colletes succinctus group sensu Noskiewicz, 1936 are taxonomically uncertain. This study has chosen an integrative approach, including pollen analysis, morphology, male genitalia, morphometry, cuticle sculpture and DNA-barcoding (CO1) to investigate the five species that were reported from Austria. It includes a detailed analysis of the male genitalia and the first description of the C. pannonicus male. A syntype male from the island of Crete was designated as the lectotype of Colletes succinctus brevigena Noskiewicz, 1936 to fix the species identity. New distinguishing characters were found: in females the shape of the dorsal end of the fovea facialis and, in both sexes, the structure of maxillary palpi, as well as the different puncturation on the mesopleura. Unknown structures on sterna and genitalia of the males proved to be reliable morphological characters. An identification key is provided for all studied species. Morphometry of females did not allow a clear distinction of species. CO1 sequencing confirmed previous studies that only C. collaris clearly deviates from the other species, including C. pannonicus that was analysed for the first time. Pollen analysis showed polylectic, as well as oligolectic, pollen-collecting behaviour. The collected pollen of C. pannonicus confirmed the field observations that this species is strictly oligolectic on Tripolium pannonicum. Due to pronounced intraspecific variation, it is assumed that the species of the C. succinctus group are either species in statu nascendi or very young species. Therefore, it remains important to include ecological data in species identification.

scholarly journals Ecological Observations of NativeGeocoris pallensandG. punctipesPopulations in the Great Basin Desert of Southwestern Utah

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith C. Schuman ◽  
Danny Kessler ◽  
Ian T. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Great Basin Desert ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Big-eyed bugs (Geocorisspp. Fallén, Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are ubiquitous, omnivorous insect predators whose plant feeding behavior raises the question of whether they benefit or harm plants. However, several studies have investigated both the potential ofGeocorisspp. to serve as biological control agents in agriculture and their importance as agents of plant indirect defense in nature. These studies have demonstrated thatGeocorisspp. effectively reduce herbivore populations and increase plant yield. Previous work has also indicated thatGeocorisspp. respond to visual and olfactory cues when foraging and choosing their prey and that associative learning of prey and plant cues informs their foraging strategies. For these reasons,Geocorisspp. have become models for the study of tritrophic plant-herbivore-predator interactions. Here, we present detailed images and ecological observations ofG. pallensStål andG. punctipes(Say) native to the Great Basin Desert of southwestern Utah, including observations of their life histories and color morphs, dynamics of their predatory feeding behavior and prey choice over space and time, and novel aspects ofGeocorisspp.’s relationships to their host plants. These observations open up new areas to be explored regarding the behavior ofGeocorisspp. and their interactions with plant and herbivore populations.

Recent Developments in the Assessment and Diagnosis of Child Psychopathology

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Verhulst
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Multicultural Knowledge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Assessment And Diagnosis

In this article, recent developments in the assessment and diagnosis of child psychopathology are discussed with an emphasis on standardized methodologies that provide data that can be scored on empirically derived groupings of problems that tend to co-occur. Assessment methodologies are highlighted that especially take account of the following three basic characteristics of child psychopathology: (1) the quantitative nature of child psychopathology; (2) the role of developmental differences in the occurrence of problem behaviors, and (3) the need for multiple informants. Cross-cultural research is needed to test the applicability of assessment procedures across different settings as well as the generalizability of taxonomic constructs. Assessments of children in different cultures can be compared or pooled to arrive at a multicultural knowledge base which may be much stronger than knowledge based on only one culture. It is essential to avoid assuming that data from any single source reveal the significance of particular problems. Instead, comprehensive assessment of psychopathology requires coordination of multisource data using a multiaxial assessment approach.

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