scholarly journals Do deficits in mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity contribute to neuropsychological changes seen in Alzheimer’s disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Bell ◽  
Matteo De Marco ◽  
Katy Barnes ◽  
Pamela Shaw ◽  
Laura Ferraiuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes

scholarly journals Deficits in Mitochondrial Spare Respiratory Capacity Contribute to the Neuropsychological Changes of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon M. Bell ◽  
Matteo De Marco ◽  
Katy Barnes ◽  
Pamela J. Shaw ◽  
Laura Ferraiuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Extracellular Lactate ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is diagnosed using neuropsychological testing, supported by amyloid and tau biomarkers and neuroimaging abnormalities. The cause of neuropsychological changes is not clear since they do not correlate with biomarkers. This study investigated if changes in cellular metabolism in AD correlate with neuropsychological changes. Fibroblasts were taken from 10 AD patients and 10 controls. Metabolic assessment included measuring total cellular ATP, extracellular lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic function. All participants were assessed with neuropsychological testing and brain structural MRI. AD patients had significantly lower scores in delayed and immediate recall, semantic memory, phonemic fluency and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). AD patients also had significantly smaller left hippocampal, left parietal, right parietal and anterior medial prefrontal cortical grey matter volumes. Fibroblast MMP, mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (MSRC), glycolytic reserve, and extracellular lactate were found to be lower in AD patients. MSRC/MMP correlated significantly with semantic memory, immediate and delayed episodic recall. Correlations between MSRC and delayed episodic recall remained significant after controlling for age, education and brain reserve. Grey matter volumes did not correlate with MRSC/MMP. AD fibroblast metabolic assessment may represent an emergent disease biomarker of AD.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Alpha- and Gamma-Tocopherol on the Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity and Membrane Potential in an In Vitro Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslina Pahrudin Arrozi ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah ◽  
Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri ◽  
Suzana Makpol
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism

Increased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients are common pathological hallmarks mediating the disease progression. Growing evidence also suggests that mitochondrial abnormalities are an early feature in the pathogenesis of AD. Intervention with antioxidants has received great interest as a molecular strategy for the manipulation of mitochondrial function. Our previous preliminary study using in vitro cell models expressing different types of APP demonstrated that treatment with alpha-tocopherol (ATF) or gamma-tocopherol (GTF) modulates mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing the production of ATP and preventing apoptosis events, especially in cells expressing the mutant APP form. Thus, we hypothesized that ATF or GTF treatment might also alter mitochondrial metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of ATF and GTF in modulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism using high-resolution respirometry. Our results showed that both ATF and GTF increased the respiratory capacity and membrane potential in the ROUTINE and OXPHOSCI-LINKED states as well as complex IV enzyme activity in wild-type and mutant APP-overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells. Although preliminary, these findings indicate that ATF and GTF modulate mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in APP-overexpressing cells and, in part, may contribute to the planning of strategies for utilizing vitamin E isomers against mitochondrial-related diseases such as AD.

P2-189: A methodological approach for assessing neuropsychological changes in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD)

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. S290-S291
Author(s):  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
Antoinette Zehnder ◽  
Stefan Blaesi ◽  
Manfred Berres ◽  
René Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Preclinical Stage ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes

Neuropathological and Neuropsychological Changes in Alzheimer’s Disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Pirozzolo ◽  
Steven B. Inbody ◽  
Penne A. Sims ◽  
Warren J. Strittmatter ◽  
David Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes

scholarly journals Comparison of neuropsychological functioning in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ann Pachana ◽  
Kyle Brauer Boone ◽  
Bruce L. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cummings ◽  
Nancy Berman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Nonverbal Memory ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Neuropsychological Changes ◽  
Patient Groups

AbstractNeuropsychological changes distinguishing mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been described, but empirical verification of differential cognitive characteristics is lacking. Archival neuropsychological data on 15 FTD patients, 16 AD patients, and 16 controls were compared. Controls outperformed both patient groups on measures of verbal and nonverbal memory, executive ability, and constructional skill, with AD patients showing more widespread memory decline. No differences were found between the 3 groups in confrontation naming, recognition memory, or basic attention. Patient groups differed only in nonverbal memory, with FTD patients performing significantly better than AD patients. However, patient groups also differed in pattern of performance across executive and memory domains. Specifically, AD patients exhibited significantly greater impairment on memory than executive tasks, whereas the opposite pattern characterized ther FTD group. These findings suggest that examination of relative rankings of scores across cognitive domains, in addition to interpretation of individual neuropsychological scores, may be useful in differential diagnosis of FTD versus AD. (JINS, 1996, 2, 505–510.)

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Formation of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
J. Metuzals ◽  
D. F. Clapin ◽  
V. Montpetit
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Giant Axon ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Protein Assemblies ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Helical Symmetry ◽  
Structural Levels

Information on the conformation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and the neurofilamentous (NF) network is essential for an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the primary lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD): tangles and plaques. The structural and chemical relationships between the NF and the PHF have to be clarified in order to discover the etiological factors of this disease. We are investigating by stereo electron microscopic and biochemical techniques frontal lobe biopsies from patients with AD and squid giant axon preparations. The helical nature of the lesion in AD is related to pathological alterations of basic properties of the nervous system due to the helical symmetry that exists at all hierarchic structural levels in the normal brain. Because of this helical symmetry of NF protein assemblies and PHF, the employment of structure reconstruction techniques to determine the conformation, particularly the handedness of these structures, is most promising. Figs. 1-3 are frontal lobe biopsies.

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

Liquid crystalline ordering of paired helical filaments in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
D.F. Clapin ◽  
V.J.A. Montpetit
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Regular Spacing

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal filamentous proteins. The most important of these are amyloid fibrils and paired helical filaments (PHF). PHF are located intraneuronally forming bundles called neurofibrillary tangles. The designation of these structures as "tangles" is appropriate at the light microscopic level. However, localized domains within individual tangles appear to demonstrate a regular spacing which may indicate a liquid crystalline phase. The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical geometric analysis of PHF packing.

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