Visual memory test equal to commonly used verbal memory test in predicting tau in the medial temporal lobe

OBJECTIVEHow the brain supports intermediate-term preservation of memory in patients who have undergone unilateral medial temporal lobe resection (MTLR) has not yet been demonstrated. To understand the neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the authors investigated the relationship between the activation of the hippocampus (HIP) during successful memory encoding and individual memory capacity in patients who had undergone MTLR. They also compared hippocampal activation with other parameters, including structural volumes of the HIP, duration of illness, and age at seizure onset.METHODSThirty-five adult patients who had undergone unilateral MTLR at least 1 year before recruiting and who had a favorable seizure outcome were enrolled (17 left MTLR, 18 right MTLR; mean follow-up 6.31 ± 2.72 years). All patients underwent a standardized neuropsychological examination of memory function and functional MRI scanning with a memory-encoding paradigm of words and figures. Activations of the HIP during successful memory encoding were calculated and compared with standard neuropsychological memory scores, hippocampal volumes, and other clinical variables.RESULTSGreater activation in the HIP contralateral to the side of the resection was related to higher postoperative memory scores and greater postoperative memory improvement than the preoperative baseline in both patient groups. Specifically, postoperative verbal memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral right hippocampal activation during word encoding in the left-sided surgery group. In contrast, postoperative visual memory performance was positively correlated with contralateral left hippocampal activation during figure encoding in the right-sided surgery group. Activation of the ipsilateral remnant HIP was not correlated with any memory scores or volumes of the HIP; however, it had a negative correlation with the seizure-onset age and positive correlation with the duration of illness in both patient groups.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time, a neural basis that supports effective intermediate-term episodic memory after unilateral MTLR has been characterized. The results provide evidence that engagement of the HIP contralateral rather than ipsilateral to the side of resection is responsible for effective memory function in the intermediate term (> 1 year) after surgery in patients who have undergone left MTLR and right MTLR. Engagement of the material-specific contralesional HIP, verbal memory in the left-sided surgery group, and visual memory in the right-sided surgery group were observed.

Download Full-text

Multiple hippocampal transections for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Surgical Neurology International ◽

10.25259/sni_350_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 372

Author(s):

David Pitskhelauri ◽

Elina Kudieva ◽

Maria Kamenetskaya ◽

Antonina Kozlova ◽

Pavel Vlasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Preoperative Level ◽

Temporal Pole ◽

Mesial Temporal Lobe

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple hippocampal transections (MHT) in the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Six patients underwent MHT at Burdenko Neurosurgery Center in 2018. The age of the patients varied from 18 to 43 years. All patients suffered from refractory epilepsy caused by focal lesions of the mesial temporal complex or temporal pole in dominant side. Postoperative pathology revealed neuronal-glial tumors in two patients, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) of the temporal pole – in two patients, cavernous angioma – in one patient, and encephalocele of the preuncal area – in one patient. Results: All patients underwent surgery satisfactorily. There were no postoperative complications except for homonymous superior quadrantanopia. This kind of visual field loss was noted in four cases out of six. During the follow-up period five patients out of six had Engel Class I outcome (83.3%). In one case, seizures developed after 1 month in a patient with FCD in the uncus (Engel IVA). After surgery, three out of six patients developed significant nominative aphasia. Two patients relative to the preoperative level demonstrated improvement in delayed verbal memory after MHT. Two patients showed a decrease level in delayed verbal memory. In preoperative period, visual memory was below the normal in one patient. Delayed visual memory in two cases impaired compared to the preoperative level. Conclusion: MHT can be considered as an effective method of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy caused by tumors of the medial temporal complex. At the same time, MHT makes it possible to preserve memory in patients with structurally preserved hippocampus. However, MHT do not guarantee the preservation of memory after surgery.

Download Full-text

A-92 Assessing Perceived Workload on the Brief Visual Memory Test in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1139

Author(s):

Kristina E Smith ◽

Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽

Alexis Bueno ◽

Rachel A Rugh-Fraser ◽

Bethany A Nordberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Memory Test ◽

Short Delay ◽

Subjective Workload ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Nasa Tlx

Abstract Objective We examined perceived workload as it is related to Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) short-delay and long-delay performance in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Method The sample consisted of 39 TBI participants and 54 HC participants. Demographically corrected BVMT-R scores were used to evaluate short-delay and long-delay performances. The perceived workload was measured using the NASA-TLX. Results ANOVA revealed that the HC group outperformed the TBI group on the BVMT-R short-delay and long-delay score, p < 05, η p 2 = 0.05. ANCOVAs controlling for age were used to evaluate NASA-TLX group differences. In regards to the NASA-TLX, TBI participants reported higher levels of physical demand, effort, frustration and overall subjective workload on the BVMT-R short-delay compared to HC participants, p < 05, η p 2 = 0.01–0.09. Furthermore, on the long-delay of the BVMT-R, the NASA-TLX revealed that the TBI group reported higher levels of temporal demand, effort, frustration and overall subjective workload compared to the HC group, p < 0.05, η p 2 = 0.05–0.14. Conclusions Results revealed that TBI participants demonstrated worse BVMT-R performances than HC participants. However, TBI survivors reported higher perceived workload demands compared to the HC group in both short-delay and long-delay of the BVMT-R. Our findings suggest that TBI impacts non-verbal memory performance in both BVMT-R short-delay and long-delay. Also, brain injury may be impacting TBI survivors’ awareness of their non-verbal memory performance. Further work is required to determine what drives the impaired perception of non-verbal memory performance among TBI survivors.

Download Full-text

Adaptive visual memory reorganization in right medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01629.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 1395-1408 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Patrícia Figueiredo ◽

Isabel Santana ◽

João Teixeira ◽

Catarina Cunha ◽

Egídeo Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Download Full-text

Preserved verbal memory function in left medial temporal pathology involves reorganisation of function to right medial temporal lobe

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.008 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. S112-S119 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Mark P Richardson ◽

Bryan A Strange ◽

John S Duncan ◽

Raymond J Dolan

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Memory Function

Download Full-text

Utility of Green's Word Memory Test Free Recall Subtest as a Measure of Verbal Memory: Initial Evidence from a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Clinical Sample

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acv084 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 79-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jason R. Soble ◽

Katie E. Osborn ◽

Michelle L. Mattingly ◽

Fernando L. Vale ◽

Selim R. Benbadis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Recall ◽

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Memory Test ◽

Word Memory Test ◽

Word Memory

Download Full-text

Development and plasticity of the neural circuitry underlying visual recognition memory

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y95-191 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 1364-1371 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Maree J. Webster ◽

Leslie G. Ungerleider ◽

Jocelyne Bachevalier

Keyword(s):

Recognition Memory ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Subcortical Structures ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Visual Recognition Memory ◽

Area Te

In adult monkeys, visual recognition memory, as measured by the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task, requires the interaction between inferior temporal cortical area TE and medial temporal lobe structures (mainly the entorhinal and perirhinal cortical areas). Ontogenetically, monkeys do not perform at adult levels of proficiency on the DNMS task until 2 years of age. Recent studies have demonstrated that this protracted development of visual recognition memory is due to an immaturity of the association areas of the neocortex rather than the medial temporal lobe. For example, lesions of the medial temporal lobe structures in infancy or in adulthood yield profound and permanent visual recognition loss, indicating that the medial temporal lobe structures operate early in life to sustain visual memory. In contrast, early lesions of area TE, unlike late lesions, result in a significant and long-lasting sparing of visual memory ability. Further evidence for neocortical immaturity is provided by studies of the development of opiatergic and cholinergic receptors, of the maturation of metabolic activity, and of the connectivity between inferior temporal areas TE and TEO and cortical and subcortical structures. Together these results indicate greater compensatory potential after neonatal cortical than after neonatal medial temporal removals. In support of this view, early damage to area TE leads to the maintenance of normally transient projections as well as to reorganization in cortical areas outside the temporal lobe. In addition, lesion studies indicate that, during infancy, visual recognition functions are widely distributed throughout many visual association areas but, with maturation, these functions become localized to area TE. Thus, the maintenance of exuberant projections together with reorganization in other cortical areas of the brain could account for the preservation of visual memories in monkeys that have had area TE removed in infancy.Key words: limbic structures, association cortex, amygdala, transient connections, compensatory potential.

Download Full-text

Brain activation on fMRI and verbal memory ability: Functional neuroanatomic correlates of CVLT performance

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s135561770171106x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

STERLING C. JOHNSON ◽

ANDREW J. SAYKIN ◽

LAURA A. FLASHMAN ◽

THOMAS W. McALLISTER ◽

MOLLY B. SPARLING

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Word Processing ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Clinical Test ◽

Memory Ability ◽

The Right ◽

Novel Words

We have recently reported (Saykin et al., 1999b) selective activation of left medial temporal lobe structures during processing of novel compared to familiar words using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The current study describes the relationship between a widely used clinical test of verbal learning, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), and the previously reported fMRI activations. Thirteen right-handed healthy adult participants were studied with whole brain echo-planar fMRI while listening to novel and recently learned (familiar) words intermixed pseudorandomly in an event-related design. These participants were also tested with the CVLT. Scores for CVLT Trial 1 (immediate encoding of novel words) and recognition discriminability (recognition of familiar vs. novel words) were correlated with fMRI signal change during processing of novel versus familiar words using a covariance model implemented in SPM96. For the novel words analysis, voxels in the right anterior hippocampus correlated significantly with Trial 1 (r = .76 at the maxima). For the recognition analysis, a significant cluster of voxels was found in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = .88 at the maxima). Our prior results of separable left medial temporal activation to novel and familiar words, together with results of the covariance analyses reported here, suggest that in addition to the left medial temporal lobe (MTL) regions that are engaged during novel and familiar word processing, the right hippocampus and right frontal lobe are also involved, particularly in those participants with better memory ability. This positive relationship between fMRI activation and CVLT performance suggests a role for these right hemisphere regions in successful memory processing of verbal material, perhaps reflecting more efficient encoding and retrieval strategies that facilitate memory. (JINS, 2001, 7, 55–62.)

Download Full-text

Effect of handedness on fMRI activation in the medial temporal lobe during an auditory verbal memory task

Human Brain Mapping ◽

10.1002/hbm.20596 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 1271-1278 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Cuzzocreo ◽

Michael A. Yassa ◽

Guillermo Verduzco ◽

Nancy A. Honeycutt ◽

David J. Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Memory Task

Download Full-text

Postoperative Neuropsychological Outcome in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Argentina

Epilepsy Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2012/370351 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Silvia Oddo ◽

Patricia Solis ◽

Damian Consalvo ◽

Eduardo Seoane ◽

Brenda Giagante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Temporal Lobectomy ◽

Neuropsychological Outcome ◽

Mesial Temporal Lobe

The aim of the present study is to compare pre- and postsurgical neuropsychological outcome in individuals suffering from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), in order to evaluate prognosis. The selected thirty-five patients had medically mTLE and had undergone an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Neuropsychological evaluation was performed in three different stages: before ATL, 6 months after resection, and a year afterwards. Neuropsychological protocol evaluated attention, verbal memory, visual memory, executive function, language, intelligence, and handedness. There was a significant improvement () in the group with visual memory deficit after surgery, whereas no changes were observed across patients with verbal memory deficit. No changes were observed in language after surgery. Executive function showed significant improvement 6 months after surgery (). Postoperative outcome of cognitive impairments depends on baseline neuropsychological status of the patients with TLE. In our case series, deficits found in patients with mTLE after ATL did not result in a subjective complaint.

Download Full-text