Chromaffin tissue of the sympathetic ganglia and heart

1950 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Carl Truex
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

The Autonomic Nervous System of the Chimaeroid Fish Hydrolagus colliei

1950 ◽  
Vol s3-91 (16) ◽  
pp. 379-399
Author(s):  
J.A. COLIN NICOL
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Autonomic Systems ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Rami Communicantes ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

The autonomic nervous system of the chimaeroid fish Hydrolagus colliei has been investigated by dissections and histological methods. It consists of a cranial parasympathetic portion and a sympathetic portion confined to the trunk. The latter extends from the level of the heart to the anus and consists of segmentally arranged ganglia on each side of the dorsal aorta. These ganglia are closely associated with small accumulations of suprarenal tissue. Two axillary bodies are the largest of the sympathetic and suprarenal structures. They lie about the subclavian arteries and are made up of a gastric ganglion and a relatively large mass of chromaffin tissue. The sympathetic ganglia lie in an irregular plexus of longitudinal and crossing sympathetic strands but there is no regular sympathetic chain or commissure between ganglia. There are white rami communicantes which connect the sympathetic ganglia with spinal nerves. A small pregastric ganglion lies on the rami communicantes to the gastric ganglion. The visceral nerves arising from the sympathetic ganglia proceed to blood-vessels, genital ducts, chromaffin tissue, and gut. The latter is supplied by large splanchnic nerves which originate in the gastric ganglia and proceed along the coeliac axis to the intestine, pancreas, and liver. Prevertebral ganglia are absent. A mucosal and a submucosal plexus are present in the intestine. The cranial component of the autonomic system comprises a midbrain and a hindbrain outflow. In the former there is a ciliary ganglion on the inferior oblique branch of the oculomotor nerve. Short ciliary nerves proceed from this branch to the eyeball. A radix longa is absent. Sensory fibres go directly to the eyeball from the profundus nerve as anterior and posterior long ciliary nerves. The hindbrain outflow comprises scattered nerve-cells and ganglia on post-trematic branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. These autonomic fibres in the branchial nerves innervate smooth muscle in the pharyngeal region. A visceral branch of the vagus innervates the heart, oesophagus, and intestine; it also establishes a connexion with the pregastric ganglion. In general, the autonomic nervous system of Hydrolagus is very similar to that of selachians. It appears that the autonomic systems of these two groups have undergone little alteration since their origin in the Palaeozoic from some common form. Their autonomic systems reflect a simple and primitive level of organization from which more complex systems of the bony fishes and amphibians have evolved.

scholarly journals Mesenteric paraganglioma a rare mesenteric tumor

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2842
Author(s):  
Prabhat Bhaskarrao Nichkaode ◽  
Sachin Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Mesenteric Tumor ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

Paragangliomas arise from chromaffin tissue, most commonly found in the Zuckerkandl body, the sympathetic plexus of the urinary bladder, the kidneys, the heart or in the sympathetic ganglia of the head or neck. Some paragangliomas have been described in the Gastrointestinal System, the majority of which were associated with the duodenum. Only a very select few were described to arise from the mesentery. 

scholarly journals Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: From Genetic Diversity to Targeted Therapies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Pang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Karel Pacak ◽  
Chunzhang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Catecholamine Level ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Translational Studies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the chromaffin tissue of adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. Although metastatic PCPGs account for only 10% of clinical cases, morbidity and mortality are high because of the uncontrollable mass effect and catecholamine level generated by these tumors. Despite our expanding knowledge of PCPG genetics, the clinical options to effectively suppress PCPG progression remain limited. Several recent translational studies revealed that PCPGs with different molecular subtypes exhibit distinctive oncogenic pathways and spectrum of therapy resistance. This suggests that therapeutics can be adjusted based on the signature molecular and metabolic pathways of PCPGs. In this review, we summarized the latest findings on PCPG genetics, novel therapeutic targets, and perspectives for future personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Excision of Functional Ganglioneuroma Near Renal Hilum

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Bhargav PRK ◽  
V Amar ◽  
SK Uday
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Laparoscopic Excision ◽  
Retroperitoneal Tumors ◽  
Renal Hilum ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

ABSTRACT Ganglioneuromas are one of the frequent retroperitoneal tumors arising from extraadrenal sympathetic ganglia or chromaffin tissue. The commonest extraadrenal site is periadrenal region near renal hilum. We present a case of ganglioneuroma in a narrow quadrangular space near right renal hilum, treated laparoscopically. How to cite this article Bhargav PRK, Amar V, Uday SK. Laparoscopic Excision of Functional Ganglioneuroma Near Renal Hilum. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(2):63-65.

Unusual Intranuclear Structures in Chick Sympathetic Neurons

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
E. B. Masurovsky ◽  
H. H. Benitez ◽  
M. R. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Mammalian Cns

Recent light- and electron microscope studies concerned with the effects of D2O on the development of chick sympathetic ganglia in long-term, organized culture revealed the presence of rod-like fibrillar formations, and associated granulofibrillar bodies, in the nuclei of control and deuterated neurons. Similar fibrillar formations have been reported in the nuclei of certain mammalian CNS neurons; however, related granulofibrillar bodies have not been previously described. Both kinds of intranuclear structures are observed in cultures fixed either in veronal acetate-buffered 2%OsO4 (pH 7. 4), or in 3.5% glutaraldehyde followed by post-osmication. Thin sections from such Epon-embedded cultures were stained with ethanolic uranyl acetate and basic lead citrate for viewing in the electron microscope.

HYPERTROPHIC ADRENALS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO STRESS AFTER LESIONS IN THE MEDIAN EMINENCE OF TOTALLY HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PIGEONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Adrenal Enlargement ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

ABSTRACT Four per cent formaldehyde, insulin, or epinephrine in oil was injected for 5 days into pigeons subjected to varying degrees of hypophysectomy alone or together with large lesions in the median eminence and hypothalamus. Adrenals atrophied after the removal of the pars distalis alone or together with the neurohypophysis in untreated pigeons but showed markedly hypertrophic interrenal tissue (cortex in mammals) after treatment with formaldehyde or insulin. The slope of the dose-response curve was similar in operated and unoperated pigeons. The accumulation of bile in the liver parenchyma, which may occur after removal of the pars distalis, is an endogenous stress which was associated regularly with adrenal hypertrophy. After very large lesions of the median eminence and ventral hypothalamus in addition to total hypophysectomy, adrenals hypertrophied rather than atrophied, and the response to formaldehyde paralleled that in intact and »hypohysectomized« pigeons. Interrenal tissue was stimulated regularly; chromaffin tissue was partially degranulated, sometimes showed hyperplasia with colchicine, but only occasionally appeared hypertrophied. Epinephrine in nearly lethal doses caused only minimal adrenal enlargement. After adrenal denervation followed by hypophysectomy, the adrenals were still stimulated by formaldehyde. It appears that the interrenal tissue of the pigeon responds to a humoral stimulus not of hypophyseal origin in the absence of the hypophyseal-hypothalamic system.

scholarly journals Angiotensin II biosynthesis and its receptor signal transduction mechanisms in dog cardiac sympathetic ganglia.

1996 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Kazushi Kushiku ◽  
Ryoko Tokunaga ◽  
Hiromi Yamada ◽  
Kazuhiko Shibata ◽  
Katsuhiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Receptor Signal ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

scholarly journals Increased superoxide levels in ganglia and sympathoexcitation are involved in sarafotoxin 6c-induced hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. R1546-R1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Li ◽  
Xiaoling Dai ◽  
Stephanie Watts ◽  
David Kreulen ◽  
Gregory Fink
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Endothelin (ET) type B receptors (ETBR) are expressed in multiple tissues and perform different functions depending on their location. ETBR mediate endothelium-dependent vasodilation, clearance of circulating ET, and diuretic effects; all of these should produce a fall in arterial blood pressure. However, we recently showed that chronic activation of ETBR in rats with the selective agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) causes sustained hypertension. We have proposed that one mechanism of this effect is constriction of capacitance vessels. The current study was performed to determine whether S6c hypertension is caused by increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The model used was continuous 5-day infusion of S6c into male Sprague-Dawley rats. No changes in superoxide anion levels in arteries and veins were found in hypertensive S6c-treated rats. However, superoxide levels were increased in sympathetic ganglia from S6c-treated rats. In addition, superoxide levels in ganglia increased progressively the longer the animals received S6c. Treatment with the antioxidant tempol impaired S6c-induced hypertension and decreased superoxide levels in ganglia. Acute ganglion blockade lowered blood pressure more in S6c-treated rats than in vehicle-treated rats. Although plasma norepinephrine levels were not increased in S6c hypertension, surgical ablation of the celiac ganglion plexus, which provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the splanchnic organs, significantly attenuated hypertension development. The results suggest that S6c-induced hypertension is partially mediated by sympathoexcitation to the splanchnic organs driven by increased oxidative stress in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia.

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