Partition among niche and neutral explanations for metacommunity patterns of fish from Cerrado streams

The Species-Sorting concept, one of the models developed to explain patterns in metacommunity structure, suggests that relationships between biological communities and environmental conditions is the basic means of the species selection processes. A second concept is Neutral Theory, and the idea of neutral dynamics underpinning metacommunity structure, cannot be overlooked. The third mechanism is the Mass-Effect concept, that focuses on the interaction between environmental condition and neutral effects. In the present study, we partitioned fish communities in streams between niche and neutral theory concepts, identifying the best representation of metacommunity structure, and assessed if linear and hydrographic distance were equivalent in the representation of neutral processes. The result points to the importance of species sorting mechanisms in structuring fish communities with neutral processes best represented by the linear distances. These results are important for the fish fauna conservation leading to three considerations: (i) the variation of the landscape and habitat is important for the stream fish, (ii) the natural barriers are an important landscape component to be considered, and (iii) the artificial barriers (dams and impoundments) need to be planned taking in account the catchment basin as the landscape unit.

Bedside detection of intracranial midline shift using portable magnetic resonance imaging

Neuroimaging is crucial for assessing mass effect in brain-injured patients. Transport to an imaging suite, however, is challenging for critically ill patients. We evaluated the use of a low magnetic field, portable MRI (pMRI) for assessing midline shift (MLS). In this observational study, 0.064 T pMRI exams were performed on stroke patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit at Yale New Haven Hospital. Dichotomous (present or absent) and continuous MLS measurements were obtained on pMRI exams and locally available and accessible standard-of-care imaging exams (CT or MRI). We evaluated the agreement between pMRI and standard-of-care measurements. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between pMRI-based MLS and functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale). A total of 102 patients were included in the final study (48 ischemic stroke; 54 intracranial hemorrhage). There was significant concordance between pMRI and standard-of-care measurements (dichotomous, κ = 0.87; continuous, ICC = 0.94). Low-field pMRI identified MLS with a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.96. Moreover, pMRI MLS assessments predicted poor clinical outcome at discharge (dichotomous: adjusted OR 7.98, 95% CI 2.07–40.04, p = 0.005; continuous: adjusted OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.49, p = 0.021). Low-field pMRI may serve as a valuable bedside tool for detecting mass effect.

Impact of Flash Flood Events on the Coastal Waters Around Madeira Island: The “Land Mass Effect”

The Island Mass Effect has been primarily attributed to nutrient enhancement of waters surrounding oceanic islands due to physical processes, whereas the role of land runoff has seldom been considered. Land runoff can be particularly relevant in mountainous islands, highly susceptible to torrential rainfall that rapidly leads to flash floods. Madeira Island, located in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, is historically known for its flash flood events, when steep streams transport high volumes of water and terrigenous material downstream. A 22-year analysis of satellite data revealed that a recent catastrophic flash flood (20 February 2010) was responsible for the most significant concentration of non-algal Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Chlorophyll-a at the coast. In this context, our study aims to understand the impact of the February 2010 flash flood events on coastal waters, by assessing the impact of spatial and temporal variability of wind, precipitation, and river discharges. Two specific flash floods events are investigated in detail (2 and 20 February 2010), which coincided with northeasterly and southwesterly winds, respectively. Given the lack of in situ data documenting these events, a coupled air-sea-land numerical framework was used, including hydrological modeling. The dynamics of the modeled river plumes induced by flash floods were strongly influenced by the wind regimes subsequently affecting coastal circulation, which may help to explain the differences between observed SPM and Chlorophyll-a distributions. Model simulations showed that during northeasterly winds, coastal confinement of the buoyant river plume persisted on the island’s north coast, preventing offshore transport of SPM. This mechanism may have contributed to favorable conditions for phytoplankton growth, as captured by satellite-derived Chlorophyll-a in the northeastern coastal waters. On the island’s south coast, strong ocean currents generated in the eastern island flank promoted strong vertical shear, contributing to vertical mixing. During southwesterly winds, coastal confinement of the plume with strong vertical density gradient was observed on the south side. The switch to eastward winds spread the south river plume offshore, forming a filament of high Chlorophyll-a extending 70 km offshore. Our framework demonstrates a novel methodology to investigate ocean productivity around remote islands with sparse or absent field observations.

Twitter Data Collection Using Tools for Classification of fake Data: A Survey

Data could be a piece of information that’s needed to create helpful information. Getting data is required by people to analyzers. From this angle, data assortment is a vital step once doing any research or experiment. Knowledge collection may be outlined because the method of gathering and process the data to gauge the outcomes and use them for the researches. On-line Social Networking sites (OSN) are one in all the most effective sources of data. We have a tendency to be attending to introduce the advantages of exploitation the social network sites for data collection and also the totally different techniques which will be used. Based mostly on those data, a network of trust created exploitation the relationships among users. The methods the information being collected is totally different in term of potency and being useful. Be that as it may, the information mining applications in the web-based media are as yet crude and require more exertion by the scholarly world and industry to sufficiently play out the work. Client created content via online media destinations, for example, Twitter and Facebook gives freedom to specialists in different fields to comprehend human practices and social marvels. From one viewpoint, these human practices and social marvels are unpredictable in nature hence need top to bottom subjective investigation. On the other, the size of online media data requires colossal degree data assessment strategies. Automated information assortment of interpersonal interaction Web locales assumes a significant part in dynamic. Realize that the Web destinations like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Pin interest, and so on are turning out to be indispensable parts of public activity as of now. In any examination issue the mass effect on different issues can be investigated by breaking down the information produced from these Web locales. Also, these social stages are open and generally utilized for see sharing. Here different devices and systems have been assessed to gather the information from these Web locales. The capacities of conclusion investigation stretch out to the quantity of genuine choices like medical problems in the public eye, or the client responses, and so forth in this paper information assortment procedures have been shown with the assistance of live execution.

Exceptionally rapid recurrence of malignant meningioma: case report

Anaplastic meningioma represents less than 5% of all meningiomas. It is a neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to aggressiveness and a high rate of recurrence. Patients could remain asymptomatic but clinical characteristics of mass effect are the most common presentation. Although diagnosis is made with histological study, this method is difficult to define, with inter-observer variability. When possible, surgical resection is the primary management. We discuss a case of an adult female patient with tonic-clonic seizures and weakness attributed to an anaplastic meningioma in the occipital lobe. The patient was treated with a parietal craniotomy with complete resection. One month later the patient suffered a recurrence of the tumor with the need for further intervention with incomplete resection. Due to extent of the damage the patient deceased two weeks later.

Rapidly Progressive Pituitary Apoplexy in a Patient with COVID-19 Disease Treated with Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery

This report describes a case of pituitary apoplexy with rapidly evolving hemorrhage in a 74-year-old female with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. The patient presented with severe headache and mild respiratory symptoms, with laboratories concerning for pituitary hypofunction. Brain imaging demonstrated a sellar mass concerning for a pituitary adenoma with ischemic apoplexy. She subsequently developed visual deficits within 24 hours of presentation, and repeat imaging demonstrated evolving hemorrhage and new mass effect on the optic chiasm. She was successfully managed with urgent endoscopic endonasal surgery despite her COVID-19 positive status by taking special intraoperative precautions to mitigate SARS-CoV2 transmission risk. Only a handful of cases of pituitary apoplexy have been reported in association with COVID-19 disease, and even fewer reports exist of endonasal procedures in such cases. We discuss the potential implication of COVID-19 in the occurrence of pituitary apoplexy, in addition to the safety and success of endonasal surgery in this population.

Prevalence, distribution, and clinical associations of suspected postictal changes on brain magnetic resonance imaging in epileptic dogs

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of presumed postictal changes (PC) on brain MRI in epileptic dogs, describe their distribution, and recognize possible correlations with different epilepsy features. ANIMALS 540 client-owned dogs with epilepsy and a complete medical record that underwent brain MRI at 4 veterinary referral hospitals between 2016 and 2019. PROCEDURES Data were collected regarding signalment, seizure type, seizure severity, time between last seizure and MRI, and etiological classification of epilepsy. Postictal changes were considered when solitary or multiple intraparenchymal hyperintense lesions were observed on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and were hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted sequences, which were not confined to a vascular territory and showed no to mild mass effect and no to mild contrast enhancement. RESULTS Sixty-seven dogs (12.4%) showed MRI features consistent with PC. The most common brain sites affected were the piriform lobe, hippocampus, temporal neocortex, and cingulate gyrus. Dogs having suffered cluster seizures or status epilepticus were associated with a higher probability of occurrence of PC, compared to dogs with self-limiting seizures (OR 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.33 to 4.30). Suspected PC were detected both in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and in those with structural epilepsy. Dogs with unknown-origin epilepsy were more likely to have presumed PC than were dogs with structural (OR 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.33) or idiopathic epilepsy (OR 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.87). Time between last seizure and MRI was significantly shorter in dogs with PC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI lesions consistent with PC were common in epileptic dogs, and the brain distribution of these lesions varied. Occurrence of cluster seizures or status epilepticus, diagnosis of unknown origin epilepsy, and lower time from last seizure to MRI are predictors of suspected PC.

A diaphragmatic tumor mimicking gastric neoplasm: a clinical case report

The vast majority of patients with tumors arising from the diaphragm do not have any specific clinical symptoms, therefore, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the techniques required for the diagnosis. This is particularly relevant when a pathological mass has grown to an extent producing a “mass effect” on the adjacent organs. In some cases, clinical symptoms of arise due to the local invasion of the neoplasm to the adjacent tissues or distant metastases. We present a rare clinical case of a mesenchymal diaphragmatic tumor in a 34-year-old patient. After a review of her clinical status and imaging of the abdomen, including CT and MRI, the preliminary diagnosis of the gastric neoplasm of uncertain behavior (D37.1) was made, despite the initial diagnostic assumption of the exogastric location of the mass based on MRI. After careful consideration of the diagnostic assessment results, a multidisciplinary decision was made to perform laparoscopic resection of the mass. The intraoperative finding was a tumor originating from the left diaphragmatic cupula with no involvement of the stomach. The patient's recovery was uneventful. Pathological examination revealed a solitary calcifying fibrous tumor of the diaphragm. This clinical case shows that a mass arising from the diaphragm can mimic one arising from the gastric fundus, leading to an incorrect diagnosis and subsequent inappropriate management.

Congenital Lung Abnormalities: Experience of a Tertiary Care NICU in Delhi, A Case Series

Respiratory distress is the most common cause of neonatal admission. Cystic lung lesions are rarer cause of the same. These are heterogeneous lesions with varied antenatal and postnatal manifestations. The outcomes of antenatally diagnosed lung malformations have showed more improvement than previously thought of. With advancement in imaging techniques, more definitive diagnosis and timely intervention, even in-utero interventions, can be planned. Overall, survival rates have also improved over the past 2 decades. A majority of infants are asymptomatic and do not require surgery in neonatal period, and the expectant management is usually followed in most centers, but some may have mass effect and require either in-utero or early neonatal intervention. For asymptomatic lesions, the timing of surgery remains controversial as there are propagators of both early and late intervention. A multidisciplinary team approach is required for its optimal management. We present here a set of 3 babies who were diagnosed as having cystic lung lesions antenatally but later these turned out to be completely different entities.