Designer nanoparticles for plant cell culture systems: Mechanisms of elicitation and harnessing of specialized metabolites

BioEssays ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2100081
Author(s):  
Sagar S. Arya ◽  
Sangram K. Lenka ◽  
David M. Cahill ◽  
James E. Rookes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

CHAPTER 13. Biotransformation Using Plant Cell Culture Systems and Tissues

2015 ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Bernardo Dias Ribeiro ◽  
Evelin Andrade Manoel ◽  
Claudia Simões-Gurgel ◽  
Norma Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

Novel biotransformation processes of dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid to their hydroxylated derivatives by two plant cell culture systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Zhu ◽  
Rong-Min Yu ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Yan-Shan Hu ◽  
Li-Yan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Culture ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Artemisinic Acid ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Dihydroartemisinic Acid

scholarly journals Expression of anti-HIV peptides in tobacco cell culture systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nadine Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Envelope Glycoproteins ◽  
Tobacco Cell ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
High Mannose ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Tobacco Cell Culture ◽  
Hiv 1

Nearly half of all individuals living with HIV worldwide at present are woman and the best current strategy to prevent sexually transmitted HIV is antiretrovirals (ARVs). Microbicides are ARV’s which directly target viral entry and avert infection at mucosal surfaces. However, most promising ARV entry inhibitors are biologicals which are costly to manufacture and deliver to resource-poor areas. Microbicides formulated as simple gels, which are currently not commonly used in ARV therapy, show immense potential for use in prevention and treatment of multidrug-resistant viral infections in developing countries. Among the most potent HIV entry inhibitory molecules are lectins, which target the high mannose N-linked glycans which are displayed on the surface of HIV envelope glycoproteins. Of the microbicides, the red algal protein griffithsin (GRFT) has potent anti-HIV inhibitory activity and is active by targeting the terminal mannose residues on high mannose oligosaccharides. It has a total of 6 carbohydrate binding sites per homodimer, which likely accounts for its unparalleled potency. The antiviral potency of GRFT, coupled with its lack of cellular toxicity and exceptional environmental stability make it an ideal active ingredient of a topical HIV microbicide. v Scytovirin (SVN) is an equally potent anti-HIV protein, isolated from aqueous extracts of the cyanbacterium, Scytonema varium. Low, nanomolar concentrations of SVN have been reported to inactivate laboratory strains and primary isolates of HIV- 1. The inhibition of HIV by SVN involves interactions between the protein and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120, gp160 and gp41. Current recombinant production methods for GRFT and SVN molecules are unfortunately hampered by inadequate production capacities. This project therefore aimed to determine if these molecules can be produced in plant cell culture systems. The transgenic tobacco cell culture system was evaluated to determine if it can be an alternative, cost effective production system for these molecules. Results of the study show that the microbicide genes can be cloned into plant transformation vectors, used to successfully transform SR1 tobacco cell lines and adequately produce 3.38ng and 10.5ng of GRFT and SVN protein respectively, per gram of SR1 tobacco callus fresh weight. The promising results attained in this study form the basis for further work in optimising plant cell based production systems for producing valuable anti-HIV microbicides, a possible means to curbing the elevated HIV infection rates worldwide.

Recent Progress in Prediction Systems for Drug-induced Liver Injury Using in vitro Cell Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Ozawa ◽  
Toshitaka Miura ◽  
Jun Terashima ◽  
Wataru Habano ◽  
Seiichi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

Background: In order to avoid drug-induced liver injury (DILI), in vitro assays, which enable the assessment of both metabolic activation and immune reaction processes that ultimately result in DILI, are needed. Objective: In this study, the recent progress in the application of in vitro assays using cell culture systems is reviewed for potential DILI-causing drugs/xenobiotics and a mechanistic study on DILI, as well as for the limitations of in vitro cell culture systems for DILI research. Methods: Information related to DILI was collected through a literature search of the PubMed database. Results: The initial biological event for the onset of DILI is the formation of cellular protein adducts after drugs have been metabolically activated by drug metabolizing enzymes. The damaged peptides derived from protein adducts lead to the activation of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which destroy hepatocytes through immunological reactions. Because DILI is a major cause of drug attrition and drug withdrawal, numerous in vitro systems consisting of hepatocytes and immune/inflammatory cells, or spheroids of human primary hepatocytes containing non-parenchymal cells have been developed. These cellular-based systems have identified DILIinducing drugs with approximately 50% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Conclusion: Different co-culture systems consisting of human hepatocyte-derived cells and other immune/inflammatory cells have enabled the identification of DILI-causing drugs and of the actual mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Mammary gland 3D cell culture systems in farm animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Eric Chanat ◽  
Frederic Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems

AbstractIn vivo study of tissue or organ biology in mammals is very complex and progress is slowed by poor accessibility of samples and ethical concerns. Fortunately, however, advances in stem cell identification and culture have made it possible to derive in vitro 3D “tissues” called organoids, these three-dimensional structures partly or fully mimicking the in vivo functioning of organs. The mammary gland produces milk, the source of nutrition for newborn mammals. Milk is synthesized and secreted by the differentiated polarized mammary epithelial cells of the gland. Reconstructing in vitro a mammary-like structure mimicking the functional tissue represents a major challenge in mammary gland biology, especially for farm animals for which specific agronomic questions arise. This would greatly facilitate the study of mammary gland development, milk secretion processes and pathological effects of viral or bacterial infections at the cellular level, all with the objective of improving milk production at the animal level. With this aim, various 3D cell culture models have been developed such as mammospheres and, more recently, efforts to develop organoids in vitro have been considerable. Researchers are now starting to draw inspiration from other fields, such as bioengineering, to generate organoids that would be more physiologically relevant. In this chapter, we will discuss 3D cell culture systems as organoids and their relevance for agronomic research.

In vitro cytotoxicity of macromolecules in different cell culture systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthummar Choksakulnimitr ◽  
Sada Masuda ◽  
Hideaki Tokuda ◽  
Yoshinobu Takakura ◽  
Mitsuru Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cell Culture Systems
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