Varicose Veins. Gross anatomy and development

1961 ◽  
Vol 48 (212) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Gross Anatomy

Gross Anatomy of Primary Varicose Veins Observed in Endoscopic Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Daw Lin ◽  
Kao-Ping Chang ◽  
Yu-Li Yang ◽  
Su-Shin Lee ◽  
Tsai-Ming Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins

Pelvic congestion syndrome and left renal compression syndrome - clinical features and therapeutic approaches

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jeanneret ◽  
Konstantin Beier ◽  
Alexander von Weymarn ◽  
Jürg Traber
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Left Renal Vein ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome ◽  
Compression Syndrome ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pelvic Congestion

Abstract. Knowledge of the anatomy of the pelvic, gonadal and renal veins is important to understand pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) and left renal vein compression syndrome (LRCS), which is also known as the nutcracker syndrome. LRCS is related to PCS and to the presence of vulvar, vaginal and pudendal varicose veins. The diagnosis of the two syndromes is difficult, and usually achieved with CT- or phlebography. The gold standard is the intravenous pressure measurement using conventional phlebography. The definition of PCS is described as pelvic pain, aggravated in the standing position and lasting for more than 6 months. Pain in the left flank and microhaematuria is seen in patients with LRCS. Women with multiple pregnancies are at increased risk of developing varicose vein recurrences with pelvic drainage and ovarian vein reflux after crossectomy and stripping of the great saphenous vein. The therapeutic options are: conservative treatment (medroxyprogesteron) or interventional (coiling of the ovarian vein) or operative treatment (clipping of the ovarian vein). Controlled prospective trials are needed to find the best treatment.

Risk of venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of superficial venous incompetence

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Barker ◽  
Felicity Evison ◽  
Ruth Benson ◽  
Alok Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
One Year

Abstract. Background: The invasive management of varicose veins has a known risk of post-operative deep venous thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate absolute and relative risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following commonly used varicose vein procedures. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis of secondary data using Hospital Episode Statistics database was performed for all varicose vein procedures performed between 2003 and 2013 and all readmissions for VTE in the same patients within 30 days, 90 days, and one year. Comparison of the incidence of VTEs between procedures was performed using a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Results: In total, 261,169 varicose vein procedures were performed during the period studied. There were 686 VTEs recorded at 30 days (0.26 % incidence), 884 at 90 days (0.34 % incidence), and 1,246 at one year (0.48 % incidence). The VTE incidence for different procedures was between 0.15–0.35 % at 30 days, 0.26–0.50 % at 90 days, and 0.46–0.58 % at one year. At 30 days there was a significantly lower incidence of VTEs for foam sclerotherapy compared to other procedures (p = 0.01). There was no difference in VTE incidence between procedures at 90 days (p = 0.13) or one year (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Patients undergoing varicose vein procedures have a small but appreciable increased risk of VTE compared to the general population, with the effect persisting at one year. Foam sclerotherapy had a lower incidence of VTE compared to other procedures at 30 days, but this effect did not persist at 90 days or at one year. There was no other significant difference in the incidence of VTE between open, endovenous, and foam sclerotherapy treatments.

Invasive therapeutic options in truncal varicosity of the great saphenous vein

VASA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hach-Wunderle ◽  
Hach
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Great Saphenous Vein ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
High Ligation ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Disease Stages

It is known from current pathophysiology that disease stages I and II of truncal varicosity of the great saphenous vein do not cause changes in venous pressure on dynamic phlebodynamometry. This is possibly also the case for mild cases of the disease in stage III. In pronounced cases of stage III and all cases of stage IV, however, venous hypertension occurs which triggers the symptoms of secondary deep venous insufficiency and all the complications of chronic venous insufficiency. From these facts the therapeutic consequence is inferred that in stages I and II and perhaps also in very mild cases of stage III disease, it is enough "merely" to remove varicose veins without expecting there to be any other serious complications in the patient’s further life caused by the varicosity. Recurrence rates are not included in this analysis. In marked cases of disease stages III and IV of the great saphenous vein, however, secondary deep venous insufficiency is to be expected sooner or later. The classical operation with saphenofemoral high ligation ("crossectomy") and stripping strictly adheres to the recognized pathophysiologic principles. It also takes into account in the greatest detail aspects of minimally invasive surgery and esthetics. In the past few years, developments have been advanced to further minimize surgical trauma and to replace the stripping maneuver using occlusion of the trunk vein which is left in place. Obliteration of the vessel is subsequently performed via transmission of energy through an inserted catheter. This includes the techniques of radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser treatment. High ligation is not performed as a matter of principle. In a similar way, sclerotherapy using microfoam is minimally invasive in character. All these procedures may be indicated for disease stages I and II, and with reservations also in mild forms of stage III disease. Perhaps high ligation previously constituted overtreatment in some cases. Targeted studies are still needed to prove whether secondary deep venous insufficiency can be avoided in advanced stages of varicose vein disease without high ligation and thus without exclusion of the whole recirculation circuit.

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

Varicose vein surgery under anti-platelet therapy

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-M. Baier ◽  
Z. T. Miszczak
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Varicose Vein Surgery ◽  
Anti Platelet Therapy ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Acute Atherothrombosis

Summary Background: Platelet function inhibitors (PFI) are used for prophylaxis of atherothrombosis. These drugs cause a prolongation of the bleeding time and should eventually be stopped before an elective operation. However, there is a risk that a perioperative pause of PFI lead to acute atherothrombosis. Objective: Our aim was to study whether a discontinuation of PFI therapy is necessary to avoid bleeding complications in patients undergoing varicose vein surgery. Methods: Selective review of the literature and retrospective analysis of clinical data of our own patients. Results: In the years 2002 to 2007 a total of 10 827 patients have been operated on varicose veins, 673 (6.2%) of these aged 32–86 years (67 ± 7.9) receiving permanent PFI therapy: 256 male patients (38.0%) and 417 female (62.0%), 39.1% categorized as ASA III patients: male 11.6%, female 27.5%. 38 patients who continued PFI therapy did not demonstrate haemorrhagic complications and none of those pausing anti-platelet medication experienced thromboembolic complications. The literature survey confirmed our finding that it is not necessary to suspend PFI medication for varicose vein surgery as the bleeding risk can be controlled for by technical means. Conclusion: Discontinuation of PFI therapy prior to interventions on varicose veins does not seem to be necessary, further studies are essential though.

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