Indonesian law and human rights expert's view on the constitutional court's decision against the manpower law from the omnibus law

This legal paper aimed to discuss the various views of legal experts on the Constitutional Court's Decision on the Manpower Act and Law derived from the Omnibus Law, which is full of controversy. The authors believe that the success of this discussion is closely related to the contributions of legal scholars from various disciplines and practitioners. Therefore, we have conducted a series of data collection virtually on literature sources such as journal publications, books, proceedings, and several legal websites. Furthermore, an in-depth study effort involves data evaluation, data coding, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions which will be used as data findings supported by scientific evidence from several experts with valid and convincing data considerations. This qualitative study relies on secondary data or evidence from previous scientific studies. Based on the data exposure and discussion, we can conclude that most legal experts, especially independent ones, say that the Constitutional Court's decision issued in October 2021 regarding the Manpower Act Derived from the Omnibus Law is legally binding flawed. They believe the decision will reap prolonged controversy. Thus, these findings should be the subject of further studies in the future.

Real and predicted lung function after anatomical lung resections (review of literature)

The function of the respiratory parenchyma remaining after lung resection is one of the determining factors of the immediate result of the operation and the postoperative quality of life. A number of studies have been conducted to objectify the preoperative prognosis of the functional safety limit of thoracic interventions using a variety of methods and formulas. Unfortunately, until now, there is no convincing data on the correctness of at least one of the proposed methods for predicting respiratory function. The process of rehabilitation of postoperative ventilation function in the lungs is affected not only by the volume of parenchymal resection, but also by the area of resection, the method and trauma of access, the severity of emphysema, intraoperative trauma of mediastinal structures, postoperative progression of pulmonary fibrosis, etc., and video assisted surgery and segmental resections do not provide an obvious functional advantage in the long term after operations. During the first year after anatomical resection of the lung, functional indicators usually improve. Reasons (or reason) of such improvements are not always clear and may be associated with compensatory growth of the pulmonary parenchyma in a number of patients.

Real-World Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers in Perinatal Medicine in China

Surveys showed that vaccine hesitancy may influence the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in healthcare workers (HCWs) and the general population. Currently, the actual acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in HCWs has rarely been reported. In the present survey, we investigated the real-world acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in HCWs in perinatal medicine during the first three-month period of vaccination in China and to identify the main reason for the decline of vaccination. HCWs (1087) who participated in a Chinese national symposium on perinatal medicine during 16–18 April 2021 were invited to answer a 27-question questionnaire online. A total of 1051 HCWs completed the questionnaire. Of them, 86.2% (906/1051) accepted the COVID-19 vaccination and 13.8% (145/1051) declined the vaccination. Because of the vaccine hesitancy, one-fourth of the vaccinated participants did not accept the vaccination until consulted with others or requested by employers. The main reason for the decline of vaccination in 145 unvaccinated HCWs was the concern about vaccine safety. The results indicate that vaccination request by employers may promote vaccine acceptance. More convincing data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines appears to be important to increase the acceptance of vaccination.

Aspects of antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients

The use of antibacterial preparations in patients with COVID-19 is controversial and requires the accumulation of convincing data to avoid excessive and unnecessary prescriptions. The clinical picture seems to be the first and most convincing option in making the decision to initiate antibiotic therapy, and laboratory data (leukocytosis, ESR, lymphopenia, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin) and radiological data can facilitate this decision through proper monitoring. Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins), including protected ones, macrolides and fluoroquinolones can be considered as first-line preparations in hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. The duration of SARS CoV-2 infection between symptom onset and hospitalisation may be decisive for initiating antibacterial treatment in the context of noticing the onset of the cytokine storm, which will require the use of steroid anti-inflammatory drugs.

Parkinson’s Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Studies focusing on the relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have provided conflicting results. We review the literature to investigate: 1) Are PD patients at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 and are there specific contributing factors to that risk? 2) How does COVID-19 affect PD symptoms? 3) How does COVID-19 present in PD patients? 4) What are the outcomes in PD patients who contract COVID-19? 5) What is the impact of COVID-19 on PD care? 6) Does COVID-19 increase the risk of developing PD? A literature search was performed from 1979 to 2020 using the terms: ‘Parkinson’s disease’ and ‘parkinsonism’ combined with: ‘COVID-19’; ‘SARS-CoV-2’ and ‘coronavirus’. It does not appear that PD is a specific risk factor for COVID-19. There is evidence for direct/indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 on motor/non-motor symptoms of PD. Although many PD patients present with typical COVID-19 symptoms, some present atypically with isolated worsening of parkinsonian symptoms, requiring increased anti-PD therapy and having worse outcomes. Mortality data on PD patients with COVID-19 is inconclusive (ranging from 5.2%to 100%). Patients with advanced PD appear to be particularly vulnerable. Single cases of acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome have been described but no other convincing data has been reported. The rapidity with which COVID-19 has swept across the globe has favored the proliferation of studies which lack scientific rigor and the PD literature has not been immune. A coordinated effort is required to assimilate data and answer these questions in larger PD cohorts.

Modern view on the features of varicella in children and the possibility of specific prevention

The literature review presents modern information about the peculiarities of the epidemiology and course of chickenpox in children and clarifies the reasons for complicated course of the disease. The modern aspects of pathogenesis are described, starting with the characteristics of the varicella zoster virus structure, the features of its interaction with the macroorganism, the nature of the immune response, which is one of the important factors of an unfavorable course of the disease. The clinical variety of chickenpox complications is reflected, including damage to various organs and systems, primarily the nervous, endocrine systems and the skin. Convincing data on chickenpox as a serious infectious disease are presented. The article provides up-to-date information on the possibilities of specific prevention of chickenpox in children. The presence of a normative-legal basis for chickenpox prevention, as well as the chickenpox vaccine approved for use from 12 months of age, its inclusion in the National Vaccination Schedule for epidemiological indications, the high immunogenicity of the vaccine, its safety and efficacy, make one confident in the existence of a real mechanism of influence on morbidity, which is confirmed by the global experience.

On the issue of tangential necrectomy in burn surgery (literature review)

Relevance. Treatment of choice for patients with deep burns is early surgery, i.e. necrectomy with simultaneous plastic closure of the postoperative defect. However, technical implementation of necrectomy is still under debate.Intention. To assess current scientific views on the use of tangential necrectomy in the surgical treatment of burn victims.Methodology. A literature survey was carried out using PubMed database, the Google Academy search engine, and also resources of the Scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.ru).Results and Discussion. The analysis allows us to conclude that at present tangential necrectomy for burn injuries is not generally approved. There is no convincing data on its indications, acceptable areas of simultaneously excised tissues and ex cision depth are not determined, the technique for performing tangential necrectomy using an electrodermatome has not been developed. There is no information on effective methods for closing postoperative defects using tangential excision of a scab.Conclusion. Thus, tangential necrectomy indications as well as acceptable areas of simultaneously dissected tissues and the depth of excision, tangential necrectomy technique via electrodermatome for closing postoperative wound defects need evidence-based justification.

Reliable and sensitive detection of glycosaminoglycan chains with immunoblots

Complex glycans play vital roles in many biological processes, ranging from intracellular signaling and organ development to tumor growth. Glycan expression is routinely assessed by the application of glycan-specific antibodies to cells and tissues. However, glycan-specific antibodies quite often show a large number of bands on immunoblots and it is hard to interpret the data when reliable controls are lacking. This limits the scope of glycobiology studies and poses challenges for replication. We sought to resolve this issue by developing a novel strategy that utilizes an immunoreaction enhancing technology to vastly improve the speed and quality of glycan-based immunoblots. As a representative case study, we used chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) chains as the carbohydrate target and a monoclonal antibody, CS-56, as the probe. We discovered that preincubation of the antibody with its antigenic CS-GAG chain distinguishes true-positive signals from false-positive ones. We successfully applied this strategy to 10E4, a monoclonal anti heparan sulfate GAGs (HS-GAGs) antibody, where true-positive signals were confirmed by chemical HS-GAG depolymerization on the membrane. This evidence that glycan-specific antibodies can generate clear and convincing data on immunoblot with highly replicable results opens new opportunities for many facets of life science research in glycobiology.

Clinical significance and features of laboratory determination of vitamin D

The classic function of vitamin D is to regulate calcium metabolism. Currently, however, convincing data have been obtained on the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with the development of a number of diseases. The article analyzes the results of recent studies that present the effects of vitamin D on the immune system, cardiovascular system and liver diseases. Discusses the mechanisms of admission of vitamin D in the body, presents new data on the regulation of levels of active form of vitamin D phosphatonins (FGF23, MEPE, sFRP-4) and protein Klotho. The characteristic of methods of determination of vitamin D in blood serum is presented. Biological factors that influence the results of quantitative determination of vitamin D with different methods are considered separately.