How does micronutrient supplementation affect maternal and infant outcomes in pregnant women with HIV infection?

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) in pregnant women with HIV is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Previous studies have described a substantial prevalence of subclinical TB in this group, but little is known about the impact of subclinical TB on maternal and pediatric outcomes.METHODS: The Tshepiso Study recruited 235 HIV-infected pregnant women with TB (and matched HIV-positive, TB-negative pregnant controls), in Soweto, South Africa, from 2011 to 2014. During enrolment screening, some women initially recruited as controls were subsequently diagnosed with prevalent TB. We therefore assessed the prevalence of subclinical TB, associated participant characteristics and outcomes.RESULTS: Of 162 women initially recruited as TB-negative controls, seven (4.3%) were found to have TB on sputum culture. All seven had negative WHO symptom screens, and six (86%) were smear-negative. Of their seven infants, one was diagnosed with TB, and three (43%) experienced complications compared to zero infants with TB and 11% experiencing complications in the control group of TB-negative mothers (P = 0.045).CONCLUSION: We discovered an appreciable prevalence of subclinical TB in HIV-infected pregnant women in Soweto, which had not been detected by screening algorithms based solely on symptoms. Infants of HIV-infected mothers with subclinical TB appear to have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than those of TB-negative mothers.

Download Full-text

Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1002/14651858.cd009755 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nandi Siegfried ◽

James H Irlam ◽

Marianne E Visser ◽

Nigel N Rollins

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Micronutrient Supplementation ◽

Women With Hiv

Download Full-text

For pregnant women, how do lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs) versus iron folic acid (IFA) affect maternal and infant outcomes?

Cochrane Clinical Answers ◽

10.1002/cca.3183 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ashraf Nabhan ◽

Yasmeen Abuelnaga

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

Nutrient Supplements ◽

Iron Folic Acid ◽

Maternal And Infant Outcomes

Download Full-text

In pregnant women, how does daily oral iron supplementation alone or in combination with folic acid affect maternal and infant outcomes?

Cochrane Clinical Answers ◽

10.1002/cca.685 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Oral Iron ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

Maternal And Infant Outcomes

Download Full-text

How does multiple-micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women affect infant outcomes?

Cochrane Clinical Answers ◽

10.1002/cca.2495 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sera Tort ◽

Juliana Ester Martin

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Micronutrient Supplementation ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

Multiple Micronutrient

Download Full-text

Identifying fear of childbirth in a UK population: qualitative examination of the clarity and acceptability of existing measurement tools in a small UK sample

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03249-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Slade ◽

K. Balling ◽

K. Sheen ◽

G. Houghton

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Content Validity ◽

Cognitive Interview ◽

Fear Of Childbirth ◽

Infant Outcomes ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

The Uk ◽

Specific Fear ◽

Maternal And Infant Outcomes

Abstract Background Fear of childbirth is related to but not synonymous with general anxiety, and represents a superior predictor for maternal and infant outcomes. There is a need to improve the identification and provision of support for women experiencing high fear of childbirth. However it is uncertain as to whether existing measurement tools have appropriate content validity (i.e. cover the relevant domains within the construct), practical utility, and whether they are acceptable for use with a UK population. This study aimed to (1) identify the utility and acceptability of existing measures of fear of childbirth (FOC) with a small UK sample and (2) map the content of existing measures to the key concepts of fear of childbirth established by previous research. Methods Ten pregnant women; five with high and five with low fear of childbirth participated in a cognitive interview covering four most commonly used measures of fear of childbirth: 1. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (WDEQ A), 2. The Oxford Worries about Labour Scale (OWLS), 3. The Slade-Pais Expectations of Childbirth Scale – fear subscale (SPECS) and 4. The Fear of Birth scale (FOBS). Each measure was also reviewed by participants for ease and clarity of understanding and acceptability. The measures were then reviewed against the key domains identified in the fear of childbirth literature to ascertain the adequacy of content validity of each measure. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis for each scale item. Results All measures except the FOBS, included items that either women did not understand or, if where there was understanding the meanings were inconsistent across women. All measures demonstrated limited acceptability and content validity for the specific construct of FOC. Therefore, none of the measurement tools currently used within the UK met criteria for understanding, acceptability and content validity for measurement of FOC. Conclusions Findings emphasise a need to develop a specific fear of childbirth tool with good clarity which demonstrates appropriate content validity, and that is acceptable in presentation and length for pregnant women in a UK population.

Download Full-text