Acute nitric oxide (NO) inhibits angiotensin II (ANG II)-stimulated aldosterone synthesis in zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of NO on the ANG II receptor type 1 (AT1) expression and aldosterone synthesis. ZG cells were treated daily with DETA NONOate (10−4 M), an NO donor, for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, stably transfected with the AT1B receptor, were used as a positive control. Western blot analysis indicated that AT1 receptor expression was decreased as a function of time of NO administration in both CHO and ZG cells. ANG II binding to its receptors was determined by radioligand binding. NO treatment of ZG cells for 96 h resulted in a decrease in ANG II binding compared with control. The receptor density was decreased to 1,864 ± 129 fmol/mg protein from 3,157 ± 220 fmol/mg protein ( P < 0.005), but the affinity was not changed (1.95 ± 0.22 vs. 1.88 ± 0.21 nM). Confocal Raman microspectroscopy and immunocytochemistry both confirmed that the expression of AT1 receptors in ZG cells decreased with chronic NO administration. In addition, chronic NO administration also decreased the expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme in ZG cells and inhibited ANG II- and 25-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated aldosterone synthesis in ZG cells. This study demonstrates that chronic administration of NO inhibits aldosterone synthesis in ZG cells by downregulation of the expression of both AT1 receptors and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.
Switching Cytolytic Nanopores into Antimicrobial Fractal Ruptures by a Single Side Chain Mutation
