ChemInform Abstract: Constituents of Regenerated Plants of Ophiorrhiza pumila; Formation of a New Glycocamptothecin and Predominant Formation of (3R)-Deoxypumiloside over (3S)-Congener.

Genes for anther culture response (ACR) need to be mapped to enable efficient transfer of the trait to unresponsive but agronomically desirable clones. The objective of this study was to find extremes for ACR in a segregating population to target genes controlling this trait using bulk segregant analysis. Populations resulting from backcrosses (BC) of a diploid interspecific clone [CP2: Solanum chacoense (chc: low ACR) and S. phureja (phu: high ACR)] to both parents were used to characterize two phases of androgenesis in a preliminary study: microspore embryogenesis and embryo regeneration. Among 24 plants from each BC, consistently high- and low-responding genotypes with regard to embryo production were identified. Low ACR clones in each BC produced from 0.0–0.1 embryos per anther (EPA), whereas high ACR clones in the chc and phu BC produced from 1.4–2.9 and 2.8–7.5 EPA, respectively. The frequency of embryos regenerating into plants ranged from 3% to 20% for the chc high EPA clones and 12% to 64% for the phu high EPA clones. Ploidy of regenerated plants was determined by flow cytometry. The frequency of monoploid regenerants among the high EPA clones ranged from 3.6% to 68%. Since these populations showed sufficient genetic variation for ACR, a series of statistically designed experiments were conducted to develop high and low ACR bulks. From four groups of phenotypically characterized PBC plants, a high ACR bulk (–x = 4.9 EPA; n = 14) and a low ACR bulk (–x = 0.12 EPA; n =9) were constructed.

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Long-term in vitro Storage Technique of Valuable Birch Genotypes and Plant Production on its Basis

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-3-57-67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

T.M. Tabatskaya ◽

N.I. Vnukova

Keyword(s):

Plant Production ◽

High Survival ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Regenerative Capacity ◽

In Vitro Storage ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Growing Conditions

A technique for the long-term (up to 27 years) in vitro storage of valuable birch genotypes under normal (25 °C, 2.0 klx, 16-h day and 8-h night) and low temperature (4 °C, 0.5 klx, 6-h day and 18-h night) growing conditions on hormone-free media has been described. The study explored for the first time the influence of different strategies to store the clones of Betula pubescens and B. pendula var. сarelica (6 genotypes) on the regenerative capacity of collection samples, adaptive potential of regenerated plants and plant production by the in vitro and ex vitro techniques. It was established that both storage strategies provided a persistently high survival rate (82-100%) and regenerative capacity of in vitro shoots (the multiplication coefficient of 4.2-6.3 and rhizogenic activity of 90-100%). The clones retained their characteristics of height growth under the in vitro and ex vitro conditions, and demonstrated intraclonal homogeneity and lack of signs of somaclonal variability. The plants showed substantial interspecific differences at the stage of multiplication and transfer to the greenhouse. The highest percentage of acclimated plants (75-98% depending on the clone genotype) was obtained after planting of micro plants straight in the greenhouse, which simplified the technology and made plant production less costly. long-term in vitro storage, birch, species, genotype, micropropagation, ex vitro adaptation, plant material

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Anionic polymerization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene with alkyllithium/amine system in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent: Predominant formation of 1,2-addition product

Journal of Polymer Science Part A Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1002/pola.22970 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (19) ◽

pp. 6604-6611 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Itaru Natori ◽

Shizue Natori

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽

Anionic Polymerization ◽

Addition Product ◽

Predominant Formation ◽

Hydrocarbon Solvent ◽

Amine System

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Metabolic profiling, in vitro propagation, and genetic assessment of the endangered rare plant Anarrhinum pubescens

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00210-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asmaa Abdelsalam ◽

Ehab Mahran ◽

Kamal Chowdhury ◽

Arezue Boroujerdi

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Propagation ◽

Genetic Fidelity ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Rare Plant ◽

Chemical Profiling ◽

Nodal Cutting ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Plant Shoots

Abstract Background Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen. (Plantaginaceae) is a rare plant, endemic to the Saint Catherine area, of South Sinai, Egypt. Earlier studies have reported the isolation of cytotoxic and anti-cholinesterase iridoid glucosides from the aerial parts of the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of the wild plant shoots as well as establish efficient protocols for in vitro plant regeneration and proliferation with further assessment of the genetic stability of the in vitro regenerated plants. Results Twenty-seven metabolites have been identified in wild plant shoots using the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolites include alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and a phenol. In vitro propagation of the plant was carried out through nodal cutting-micropropagation and leaf segment-direct organogenesis. The best results were obtained when nodal cutting explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with Gamborg B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1.0 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.05 mg/L), which gave a shoot formation capacity of 100% and a mean number of shoots of 27.67 ± 1.4/explant. These shoots were successfully rooted and transferred to the greenhouse and the survival rate was 75%. Genetic fidelity evaluation of the micropropagated clones was carried out using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient indicated a similarity as high as 98% and 95% from RAPD and ISSR markers, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the chemical profiling of the aerial part of Anarrhinum pubescens. Moreover, in vitro regeneration through different tissue culture techniques has been established for mass propagation of the plant, and the genetic fidelity of the in vitro regenerated plants was confirmed as well. Our work on the in vitro propagation of A. pubescens will be helpful in ex situ conservation and identification of bioactive metabolites.

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Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

Planta Medica International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1484-9750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (02) ◽

pp. e62-e68

Author(s):

Jeeta Sarkar ◽

Nirmalya Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

High Performance ◽

Culture Medium ◽

In Vitro Production ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Vitro Production ◽

Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

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