Integrated operation optimization strategy for batch process based on process transfer model under disturbance

Previous research on the effects of celebrity endorsement has focused on the transfer of positive properties (likeableness, credibility, symbolic meanings, etc.) from the endorser to the product. Taking a different perspective, this study suggests that the way in which consumers evaluate an endorser (i.e., the cognitive process, such as applying family origin or achievement as the basis for evaluation) will carry over to the evaluation of the endorsed product (e.g., applying country of origin or performance as the criteria). Five experiments support this process-transfer account and show that it can be induced by subtle verbal/visual cues in advertisements. Because the process transfer is not inherently associated with positive/negative valence, it provides a theoretical rationale for explaining successful endorsements involving endorsers who are less favorable/credible, less of a “fit” with the product, or associated with some negative meanings, in addition to those involving positively or neutrally evaluated endorsers. The process-transfer model supplements existing models and provides a more comprehensive understanding of endorser effects. It provides marketers with a set of less stringent guidelines for selecting endorsers as well as valuable damage control tools for brands when an endorser screws up.

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Operation Optimization of Multi-District Integrated Energy System Considering Flexible Demand Response of Electric and Thermal Loads

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12203831 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 3831 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhou ◽

Zheng ◽

Liu ◽

Mei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Energy ◽

Demand Response ◽

Thermal Load ◽

Energy System ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Thermal Loads ◽

Operation Optimization ◽

Model Based ◽

Integrated Energy System

Multi-district integrated energy system (IES) can make full use of the complementary characteristics of district power and thermal system, and loads in different districts. It can improve the flexibility and economy of system operation, which has a good development prospect. Firstly, based on the general energy transfer model of the district heating network (DHN), the DHN system is described by the basic equations of the heating network and nodes considering the characteristics of the transmission time delay and heat loss in pipelines. A coupling model of DHN and multi-district IES is established. Secondly, the flexible demand response (FDR) model of electric and thermal loads is established. The load characteristics of each district in IES are studied. A shiftable load model based on the electric quantity balance is constructed. Considering the flexibility of the heat demand, a thermal load adjustment model based on the comfort constraint is constructed to make the thermal load elastic and controllable in time and space. Finally, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for operation optimization of multi-district IES with the DHN considering the FDR of electric and thermal loads is established based on the supply and demand sides. The result shows that the proposed model makes full use of the complementary characteristics of electric and thermal loads in different districts. It realizes the coordinated distribution of thermal energy among different districts and improves the efficiency of thermal energy utilization through the DHN. FDR effectively reduces the peak-valley difference of loads. It further reduces the total operating cost by the coordinated operation of the DHN and multi-district IES.

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