Gödel`s Ontological Argument, Positive Properties, and Gaunilist Objection

The article is devoted to Gödel’s ontological argument, its place in the history of philosophy, and the current debate over the validity of ontological proof. First, we argue that Gödel's argument is a necessary step in the history of the development of ontological proof. Second, we show that Gödel’s argument (namely, its core concept of “positive property”) is based on implausible axiological principles (this fact raises many objections like Hajek’s counter-argument), but can be appropriately reformulated in terms of plausible axiological principles (Gustafsson’s argument). Also, we consider the debate over the validity of Gödel’s argument between contemporary neo-Gaunilist Graham Oppy and the advocate of Gödel’s ontological proof Michael Gettings. We conclude that Gödel’s ontological argument is immune to Oppy’s neo-Gaunilism. Finally, given the fact that Oppy’s parody is arguably the most fine-grained Gaunilo-style argument in the history of philosophy, we conclude that Gaunilist line of argumentation, even if successful in refuting Anselm’s ontological proof of God’s existence, does not work against Gödel’s ontological argument (what is evidenced by the results of the debate between Oppy and Gettings).

ISOTHERM OF SOLUBILITY MANGANESE SULFATE - MONOETHANOLAMINE - WATER AT 25 ° C

Solubility in the ternary system manganese sulfate - monoethanolamine - water at 25°C was studied by isothermal method. The equilibrium in the system was controlled by liquid phase analysis. True equilibrium in the system was established within 7 hours. The new compound was isolated in crystalline form and identified by the methods of chemical, graphic, X-ray and thermal analyses. It was found that the new compound is a crystalline substance with an individual set of interplanar distances and line intensities. The formation of the new compound NH2C2H4ON-MnSO4-3H2O which was identified by the methods of chemical, graphic and X-ray analyses has been established. Preliminary agrochemical tests of aqueous solution of the new compound showed its positive properties as a stimulant.

Design and implementation of a diagnostic system for measuring high-precision reducers

At present, the industry is in a phase where there is an effort to maximize the automation of production processes. In many places, human power is being replaced by automated machines and industrial robots. Automation makes it possible to increase work efficiency, significantly reduce production costs and also increase the quality of the final product. A precondition for increasing the quality of production is to achieve high accuracy of specialized machines and industrial robots, resp. the accuracy of positioning of individual parts. Due to the drive system and the achieved speed, the gear unit includes a gearbox. Reducers used in robotic joints are the most complex subsystems of robots. For very precise applications, the designers will reach for the so-called backlash-free reducers for their characteristic properties (minimum values of backlash in teeth, angular transmission errors, hysteresis and others). Despite many positive properties, high-precision reducers also show their characteristic nonlinearities, which influence the behavior of the whole system and it is so important to know their behavior. Given these facts, this article deals with the design and implementation of mechatronic diagnostic equipment for the identification of nonlinearities, static and dynamic parameters, vibrodiagnostic measurements and measurements of the efficiency of bearing reducers.

Soviet man as sociocultural type

The article examines the evolution of attitudes towards the psychological characteristics of the Soviet man in national socio-humanitarian science. The author shows that there are three positions on this issue. The first, dating back to the time when it was impossible to write about the negative qualities of the Soviet personality, is based on singling out exclusively its positive properties. The second, characteristic of the time when the “fashion for repentance” was relevant, consists in associating the Soviet person mainly with negative qualities. The third, more objective position, which has established itself in recent years, is that both positive and negative properties coexisted in Soviet people. The author draws a distinction between the early Soviet “tough” totalitarian regime and the late Soviet — “softened” one, demonstrating, in particular, that the split personality of the Soviet man in the late Soviet period was the output of that era. An attempt is made to single out the subtypes of the late Soviet man, covering such categories as “faithful”, “cosmopolitan” and “detached”, the relationship between which served as a psychological basis for what happened during our reforms.

Neuropharmacological characteristics of antidepressant action of a new 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxide derivative

Introduction: Due to severe burden of depressive disorders and a low rate of remission in patients receiving antidepressant therapy, there is an urgent need for developing novel agents with antidepressant action and a fundamentally new mechanism of action. 3-ethoxythietane-1,1-dioxide (N-199/1) is a new molecule that showed significant antidepressant properties when administered intraperitoneally once or repeatedly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of N-199/1, using reserpine test. Materials and methods: N-199/1 (2 mg/kg and 4.86 mg/kg) and the reference drugs (imipramine and fluoxetine) were administered once intraperitoneally to outbred male mice 4 h (Experiment 1) and 18 h (Experiment 2) after a single intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg). The severity of reserpine-induced symptoms (hypothermia, ptosis and akinesia) was assessed. Results and discussion: N-199/1 potentiated reserpine-induced hypothermia at both doses and reduced ptosis at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. N-199/1 increased the duration of reserpine akinesia at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 18 h after reserpine and at a dose of 4.86 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. The effect of N-199/1 resembled the effect of fluoxetine and was dose-dependent. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the antidepressant action of N-199/1 is due to its serotonin-positive properties, and probably the blockade of serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptors and/or α2-adrenergic receptors. The effect of N-199/1 is dose-dependent and resembles the effect of fluoxetine. Graphical abstract:

Clear Expansion Plate: A Novel Technique

Objectives Posterior crossbite is one of the most common orthodontic problems in primary and mixed dentition that induces deleterious and permanent effects on dentition, dentoskeletal structures, and esthetics. Early correction of unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite is necessary to prevent these problems. Early intervention with removable Schwarz appliance is one of the useful appliances to correct posterior crossbite, but it has its own disadvantages. Materials and Methods In this article, we have presented a new appliance and method of fabrication to aid the expansion of the maxilla. Results The presented “clear expansion plate” that is made by thermoplastic sheets maintains all of the positive properties of the Schwarz plate and has several additional advantages. Conclusion After being tested in clinical trials, traditional expansion plate can be replaced by clear expansion plate.

Analytical Methods for Exploring Nutraceuticals Based on Phenolic Acids and Polyphenols

Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes comprise an enormous family of bioactive molecules with a range of positive properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory effects. As a result, plant extracts are often purified to recover phenolic compound-enriched fractions to be used to develop nutraceutical products or dietary supplements. In this article, we review the properties of some remarkable plant-based nutraceuticals in which the active molecules are mainly polyphenols and related compounds. Methods for the characterization of these extracts, the chemical determination of the bioactivities of key molecules, and the principal applications of the resulting products are discussed in detail.

Utilization of Waste Material in Concrete for Construction of Rigid Pavement

Millions of tons of waste is produced in the world each year and most of it is not recyclable. Furthermore, recycling waste consumes energy and produces pollution. In addition, accumulation of waste in the suburbs and the disposal of waste are very dangerous for the environment. Using waste material in concrete production is an appropriate method for achieving two goals: eliminating waste and adding positive properties in concrete. Since the green concrete industry is expanding, it is necessary to evaluate concrete that contains waste from all aspects in order to determine its capability. This literature study consists of two parts i.e. the use of waste as a substitute for cement and as a substitute for aggregates. Leading waste material that has been used as substitutes is highlighted and the characteristics of the resulting concrete are evaluated. Among other findings, rubber was found to have improved fire resistance and ductility in concrete and agricultural and PET wastes were successfully used in non-structural concrete, while glass helped to improve thermal stability.

POSEBNE (UPRAVNE) ORGANIZACIJE U MILjEU VLADAVINE PRAVA

The modern state administration and its bodies and special organizations should act in the field of the rule of law. It is a term that originates from the Anglo-Saxon legal world, but it is also a category and a principle of the Constitution of Serbia from 2006. The paper points out the different understandings of the rule of law and briefly looks at the position of the administration or the phase in its historical course until its subsumption under the principle of legality. In Serbia, state administration bodies consist of ministries, administrative bodies within the ministry and special organizations. Administrative or special organizations are formed by the state in order to perform professional and related administrative tasks. In order to permanently and unhinderedly perform the professional work of these organizations, they can act authoritatively. Special organizations have numerous and diverse administrative powers. The paper points out both the similarities and differences of special organizations in relation to administrative bodies. A review of the activities and organizational structure of all special organizations (secretariats, institutes, directorates and one center) established by the Law on Ministries from 2020 was performed. It was also pointed out that all institutes: the Republic Institute of Statistics, the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute, the Republic Geodetic Institute and the Intellectual Property Institute are special organizations that provide services to interested parties. In one part of the final considerations, the author states that for special organizations (as part of the state administration) it could be concluded that they really operate in the field of rule of law as an order with positive properties as characterized by the Constitution, it is necessary to strictly respect the principles organization of state administration prescribed by the Law on State Administration: independence and legality; expertise, impartiality and political neutrality, effectiveness in exercising the rights of the parties, proportionality and respect for the parties; publicity of work.

Entomological survey for identification of Aedes larval breeding sites and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background Studying the characteristics of Aedes mosquito habitats is essential to control the mosquito population. The objective of this study was to identify the breeding sites of Aedes larvae and their distribution in Chattogram, Bangladesh. We conducted an entomological survey in 12 different sub-districts (Thana) under Chattogram City, during the late monsoon (August to November) 2019. The presence of different wet containers along with their characteristics and immature mosquitoes was recorded in field survey data form. Larvae and/or pupae were collected and brought to the laboratory for identification. Results Different indices like house index, container index, and the Breteau index were estimated. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify habitats that were more likely to be positive for Aedes larvae/pupae. A total of 704 wet containers of 37 different types from 216 properties were examined, where 52 (7.39%) were positive for Aedes larvae or pupae. Tire, plastic buckets, plastic drums, and coconut shells were the most prevalent container types. The plastic group possessed the highest container productivity (50%) whereas the vehicle and machinery group was found as most efficient (1.83) in terms of immature Aedes production. Among the total positive properties, 8% were infested with Aedes aegypti, 2% with Aedes albopictus, and 1% contained both species Ae. aegypti and A. albopictus. The overall house index was 17.35%, the container index was 7%, and the Breteau index was 24.49. Containers in multistoried houses had significantly lower positivity compared to independent houses. Binary logistic regression represented that containers having shade were 6.7 times more likely to be positive than the containers without shade (p< 0.01). Conclusions These findings might assist the authorities to identify the properties, containers, and geographical areas with different degrees of risk for mosquito control interventions to prevent dengue and other Aedes-borne disease transmissions.