Identifying Pythium Seed Rot Resistance in Chickpea

CSA News ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Rot

seed rot and root rot complex of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
V. K. Gupta ◽  
G. S. Saharan
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seed Rot

Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Norton ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Aged Seed ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Pea Seeds

Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of differing quality were determined. Germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth were stimulated by exposure to volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seeds. Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged seeds. In natural soil, bacterial and fungal populations showed significant increases after exposure to volatiles from aged seed. For example, Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles. Conversely, Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles. In autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum (PHP4), Pythium populations increased dramatically after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds. In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure. Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity. These results suggest that Pythium germlings, when unable to reach a host, are subjected to microbial antagonism in the presence of the native soil microflora. A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers.

Botryodiplodia theobromae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Black Band ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Abstract A description is provided for Botryodiplodia theobromae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Plurivorous, on approximately 500 host plants (30, 181; Wellman, 1954; Goss et al., 1961). Also isolated from ulcerated human cornea, lesions on nail and subcutaneous tissue. DISEASES: Causing or associated with damping-off, wilt, blight, die-back, root rot, collar rot, stem necrosis, panel necrosis of rubber, gummosis, black band disease of jute, stump rot, bole rot, rot of sugarcane, leaf spot, witches' broom, fruit blight, fruit rot, pod rot of cacao, boll rot of cotton, seed rot, storage rot of cassava, sweet potato and yams. Also causes loss of cuttings in cacao and budding failure in rubber. Blue staining of timber and blue spotting of crepe rubber. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide but mainly confined to an area 40° north to 40° south of the equator. TRANSMISSION: By wind and water from decaying plantations and orchards (Meredith, 1961; Stover, 1972). Seed-borne in cacao, cotton, groundnut, loquat, Musa spp., rubber and Strophanthus intermedius (Noble & Richardson, 1968). Also by soil-borne conidia. It may be disseminated by insects (48, 2007; 51, 2936). Conidia on seeds viable for 4 months and mycelium for 1 yr. (44, 1223).

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Cumin Blight Pathogen Alternaria burnsii

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghong Feng ◽  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Guangyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Fungal Genus

The fungal genus Alternaria consists of highly diverse species. They can be isolated readily from soil, water and many plants, and even from animals and humans. Alternaria burnsii is a small-spored species of section Alternaria. It has been reported as a pathogen, an endophyte and a saprophyte, and can also be found in indoor air. It causes cumin blight, a destructive disease on cumin (Cuminum cyminum), and also causes other serious diseases, such as pumpkin seed rot, date palm leaf spot, wheat leaf spot, and gray spot of Notopterygium incisum. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the first genome of A. burnsii isolate CBS 107.38. The draft genome can be used as a reference for the further study of related pathogens and comparative genomics of Alternaria species.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethaboxam as a Soybean Seed Treatment Toward Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Scott ◽  
Meredith Eyre ◽  
Dair McDuffee ◽  
Anne E. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Seed Decay ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Seed Rot

Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Pythium species that cause early-season seed decay and pre-emergence and post-emergence damping off of soybean are most commonly managed with seed treatments. The phenylamide fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam, and ethaboxam are effective toward some but not all species. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ethaboxam in fungicide mixtures and compare those with other fungicides as seed treatments to protect soybean against Pythium, Phytopythium, and Phytophthora species in both high-disease field environments and laboratory seed plate assays. The second objective was to evaluate these seed treatment mixtures on cultivars that have varying levels and combinations of resistance to these soilborne pathogens. Five of eight environments received adequate precipitation in the 14 days after planting for high levels of seedling disease development and treatment evaluations. Three environments had significantly greater stands, and three had significantly greater yield when ethaboxam was used in the seed treatment mixture compared with treatments containing metalaxyl or mefenoxam alone. Three fungicide formulations significantly reduced disease severity compared with nontreated in the seed plate assay for 17 species. However, the combination of ethaboxam plus metalaxyl in a mixture was more effective than either fungicide alone against some Pythium and Phytopythium species. Overall, our results indicate that the addition of ethaboxam to a fungicide seed treatment is effective in reducing seed rot caused by these pathogens commonly isolated from soybean in Ohio but that these effects can be masked when cultivars with resistance are planted.

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