scholarly journals Field resistance to wheat stem rust in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. durum ) accessions deposited at the USDA National Small Grains Collection

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo D. Olivera ◽  
Worku D. Bulbula ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Harold E. Bockelman ◽  
Erena A. Edae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Small Grains

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterization of a Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene in Durum Wheat “Kronos”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongna Li ◽  
Lei Hua ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Tianya Li ◽  
Shuyong Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Or Gene

Wheat stem (or black) rust is one of the most devastating fungal diseases, threatening global wheat production. Identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical to addressing this challenge. In this study, we mapped and characterized one stem rust resistance (Sr) gene from the tetraploid durum wheat variety Kronos (temporary designation SrKN). This gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B and confers resistance to multiple virulent Pgt races, such as TRTTF and BCCBC. Using a large mapping population (3,366 gametes), we mapped SrKN within a 0.29 cM region flanked by the sequenced-based markers pku4856F2R2 and pku4917F3R3, which corresponds to 5.6- and 7.2-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes, respectively. Both regions include a cluster of nucleotide binding leucine-repeat (NLR) genes that likely includes the candidate gene. An allelism test failed to detect recombination between SrKN and the previously mapped Sr9e gene. This result, together with the similar seedling resistance responses and resistance profiles, suggested that SrKN and Sr9e may represent the same gene. We introgressed SrKN into common wheat and developed completely linked markers to accelerate its deployment in the wheat breeding programs. SrKN can be a valuable component of transgenic cassettes or gene pyramids that includes multiple resistance genes to control this devastating disease.

The transfer of stem rust resistance from the Ethiopian durum wheat St. 464 to common wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Monosomic Analysis

Two genes for stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) resistance were transferred from the Ethiopian durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L) accession St. 464 to Thatcher and Prelude/8* Marquis common wheat. One gene was shown by monosomic analysis to be on chromosome 4B and proved to be Sr7a. Monosomic analysis failed to locate the second gene. It is only partially dominant and conditions resistance to a range of races. Key words: Rust resistance, stem rust, wheat, Puccinia graminis tritici, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum

scholarly journals Identification of Resistance to Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with Broad Virulence in Triticale (×Triticosecale)

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Olivera ◽  
Z. A. Pretorius ◽  
A. Badebo ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Excellent Source

Triticale (×Triticosecale), an amphiploid of wheat (mainly Triticum turgidum) and cereal rye (Secale cereale), is an excellent source of resistance to wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. A collection of 567 triticale accessions originating from 21 countries was evaluated at the seedling stage for reaction to races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici with broad virulence, including TTKSK, TRTTF, and TTTTF. A high frequency (78.4%) of accessions was resistant to race TTKSK, with low infection types ranging from 0; to X. A selection of 353 TTKSK-resistant accessions was evaluated for reaction to three South African isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici with single and/or combined virulences to stem rust resistance genes SrSatu, Sr27, and SrKw present in triticale. Genes SrSatu, Sr27, and SrKw were postulated to be present in 141 accessions and contributed to TTKSK resistance. The remaining 212 resistant accessions may possess uncharacterized genes or combinations of known genes that could not be determined with these isolates. These accessions were further evaluated for resistance to races TTKST, TPMKC, RKQQC, RCRSC, QTHJC, QCCSM, and MCCFC. Resistance remained effective across the entire set of races in the majority of the accessions (n = 200), suggesting that the resistances are effective against a broad spectrum of virulence. In all, 129 (79.6%) resistant accessions with noncharacterized genes were resistant to moderately resistant in field stem rust nurseries at Debre Zeit (Ethiopia) and St. Paul (Minnesota). Results from evaluating F2 populations derived from resistant–susceptible crosses revealed that resistance to TTKSK in triticale was conferred mostly by single genes with dominant effects.

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Stem Rust Race Ug99 in Spring Wheat Germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Rouse ◽  
R. Wanyera ◽  
P. Njau ◽  
Y. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
North American ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust

Wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) race TTKSK (Ug99), with virulence to the majority of the world's wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, has spread from Uganda throughout eastern Africa, Yemen, and Iran. The identification and spread of variants of race TTKSK with virulence to additional stem rust resistance genes has reminded breeders and pathologists of the danger of deploying major resistance genes alone. In order to protect wheat from this rapidly spreading and adapting pathogen, multiple resistance genes are needed, preferably from improved germplasm. Preliminary screening of over 700 spring wheat breeding lines and cultivars developed at least 20 years ago identified 88 accessions with field resistance to Ug99. We included these resistant accessions in the stem rust screening nursery in Njoro, Kenya for two additional seasons. The accessions were also screened with a bulk of North American isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in the field in St. Paul, MN. In order to further characterize the resistance in these accessions, we obtained seedling phenotypes for 10 races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici, including two races from the race TTKSK complex. This phenotyping led to the identification of accessions with either adult-plant or all-stage resistance to race TTKSK, and often North American races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici as well. These Ug99 resistant accessions can be obtained by breeders and introgressed into current breeding germplasm.

Genetic studies of leaf and stem rust resistance in six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Bai ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Promising Source

Six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L. (4x, AABB) of diverse origin were tested with 10 races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and 10 races of stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Their infection type patterns were all different from those of lines carrying the Lr or Sr genes on the A or B genome chromosomes with the same races. The unique reaction patterns are probably controlled by genes for leaf rust or stem rust resistance that have not been previously identified. The six dicoccoides accessions were crossed with leaf rust susceptible RL6089 durum wheat and stem rust susceptible 'Kubanka' durum wheat to determine the inheritance of resistance. They were also crossed in diallel to see whether they carried common genes. Seedlings of F1, F2, and BC1F2 generations from the crosses of the dicoccoides accessions with RL6089 were tested with leaf rust race 15 and those from the crosses with 'Kubanka' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1. The F2 populations from the diallel crosses were tested with both races. The data from the crosses with the susceptible durum wheats showed that resistance to leaf rust race 15 and stem rust race 15B-1 in each of the six dicoccoides accessions is conferred by a single dominant or partially dominant gene. In the diallel crosses, the dominance of resistance appeared to be affected by different genetic backgrounds. With one exception, the accessions carry different resistance genes: CI7181 and PI 197483 carry a common gene for resistance to leaf rust race 15. Thus, wild emmer wheat has considerable genetic diversity for rust resistance and is a promising source of new rust resistance genes for cultivated wheats.Key words: wheat rust, leaf rust, stem rust, rust resistance, genetic diversity.

scholarly journals A Latent Period Duration Model for Wheat Stem Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Hernandez Nopsa ◽  
William F. Pfender
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Duration Model ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Outdoor Experiments

Wheat stem rust (WSR), caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminis Pers., is a highly destructive disease of wheat and several other small grains. The discovery of P. graminis subsp. graminis race Ug99, which overcomes previously effective resistance in wheat, raises concerns for global wheat production and food security. There is currently no mathematical model that describes the duration of the WSR latent period based on temperature or heat units. A study using P. graminis subsp. graminis race GFCDC in ‘Stephens’ wheat was conducted at a range of temperatures (from 4.7 to 33.4°C), to determine their effect on latent period duration. There were significant differences in latent period duration among temperatures, and temperatures above 30°C generally were not conducive for pustule development. A mathematical model to predict latent period duration based on temperature was formulated; the model can be applied to data consisting of varying temperature readings measured at any desired time increment. The model was validated in outdoor experiments under natural conditions on Stephens and ‘McNair’ wheat. In field and outdoor experiments, the latent period durations predicted with the model were within 16 h of the observed latent period, and most fell into the 99% confidence interval of the observations. For experiments conducted on field-grown plants, no significant differences were found between predicted and observed latent period duration. Factorial experiments conducted under growth chamber conditions, using four wheat cultivars (Stephens, McNair 701, ‘Scout 66’, and ‘Kingbird’) and four P. graminis subsp. graminis races (GCCNC, GCCSC, QFCSC, and GFCDC) at three temperatures (5, 15 and 30°C) showed significant differences among cultivars at each temperature. A quantitative model for latent period duration could help in estimating epidemic development, and also in improving our understanding of WSR epidemiology.

Searching for novel sources of field resistance to Ug99 and Ethiopian stem rust races in durum wheat via association mapping

2013 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Letta ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Ayele Badebo ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Andrea Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Resistance

scholarly journals Napoleon Amber durum wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
T.F. Townley-Smith ◽  
D. Leisle ◽  
B. McCallum ◽  
D. Gaudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
End Use

Napoleon is an amber durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Amber Durum wheat class. Napoleon was evaluated in the Durum Cooperative Test in 1996, 1997 and 1998 as DT484. Overall, Napoleon had significantly higher grain yield than all checks except AC Avonlea, and Napoleon had higher grain yields in the Black soil zone compared with the Brown soil zone. Napoleon had maturity similar to AC Morse and AC Avonlea, but was 1 d earlier maturing than Kyle and 2 d later maturing than Hercules. Napoleon was similar to AC Avonlea in height, but was significantly taller than AC Morse, and significantly shorter than Kyle and Hercules. Napoleon had lower lodging scores than Hercules and Kyle, but had higher lodging scores than AC Avonlea and AC Morse. Napoleon is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, and common bunt, and moderately susceptible to loose smut, leaf spot and Fusarium head blight. Napoleon is the first low cadmium durum cultivar registered in Canada.

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