AAC Awesome special purpose spring wheat

AAC Awesome is a high yielding spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar eligible for the Canada Western Special Purpose (CWSP) wheat class. Based on 29 site-years of testing over 3 years in the General Purpose Wheat Registration trial (2013–2015), AAC Awesome yielded 14% more grain than AC Andrew, and surpassed yields of Sadash, 5702PR, and Pasteur by 12%, 22%, and 9%, respectively. AAC Awesome had similar maturity, was slightly taller, had higher test weight and larger kernels as compared to AC Andrew. AAC Awesome had excellent levels of resistance to the prevalent races of leaf, stem and stripe rust. It expressed an intermediate level of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), common bunt and loose smut. It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. AAC Awesome is eligible for grades of Canada Western Special Purpose Wheat class.

AAC Castle red spring wheat

AAC Castle, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, stripe rust, common bunt and loose smut. It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. Based on 39 station years of data in the registration trials from 2014 to 2016, the grain yield of AAC Castle was about 17% higher than 5700PR but similar to the other checks. AAC Castle was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain, but had similar lodging resistance and maturity. AAC Castle had higher test weight, protein concentration, falling number and flour yield than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain. AAC Castle is eligible for grade of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

AAC Paramount soft white spring wheat

AAC Paramount is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) class. AAC Paramount is adapted to the irrigated wheat growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, and for dry land production in the western prairies. On average, AAC Paramount had 6% higher grain yield (under both irrigated and dry land conditions) than the check cultivar AC Andrew. AAC Paramount exhibited excellent straw strength and similar maturity to AC Andrew and Sadash but was 2 d earlier than AAC Indus. Its plant height was taller than both AC Andrew and Sadash but similar to AAC Indus. AAC Paramount exhibited high levels of resistance to the prevalent races of stripe rust, powdery mildew, and loose smut; intermediate reactions to leaf rust, stem rust, and kernel black point; was moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight and leaf spot diseases, and susceptible to common bunt.

MAJOR DISEASES OF WHEAT AND THEIR MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

Wheat is the staple crop throughout the world and a great source of nutrition. Sometimes the wheat plant gets attacked by pathogens like fungi, bacteria and virus. Some of the common disease their symptoms and management are studied. The complexity of the interaction between a pathogen and its host, influenced by biotic and abiotic factors of the environment, make the control of these disease. Fungi is the most common causative agent in case of wheat. Some of the common disease caused by fungi are leaf rust, stem rest, stripe rust, loose smut, tan spot, powdery mildew, ergot and common bunt. Virus and bacteria also cause diseases in wheat. Wheat strike mosaic virus one of the diseases is bacterial blight of leaf. These diseases can be controlled by using disease resistant varieties. Due to the infection of these diseases there can be loss of 40-50% but sometimes it may be more. These diseases can be controlled by using some control measures. There are several chemical and herbal methods are used for the control of these diseases.

AAC Redberry Hard Red Spring Wheat

AAC Redberry hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a grain yield significantly higher than the check cultivars Katepwa, and Lillian and is similar to Carberry. AAC Redberry matures in a similar number of days as Katewpa and Lillian, and is significantly earlier maturing than Carberry. AAC Redberry has an awned spike, and a low lodging score indicative of strong straw that is significantly lower than Katepwa and Lillian but significantly higher than Carberry. Plant stature is taller than Carberry, but shorter than Lillian and Katepwa. AAC Redberry expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, yellow rust, loose smut, moderate resistance to common bunt and intermediate resistance to Fusarium head blight. AAC Redberry has quality attributes within the range of the check cultivars and is eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring wheat.

Plant Extracts Inducing Enzyme Activity in Grains Against Loose Smut Disease

This study investigated the role of endogenous Palestinian plant extracts in inducing wheat and barley resistance systems against loose smut disease with the aim to alternate the chemical pest control with natural fungicides. Twenty indigenous herbal plant extracts and essential oils were assessed for their biological and antifungal properties against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Their potential role in inducing resistance pathways was studied on four different cultivars of wheat and barley. Two common enzyme indicators – guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) – are expressed in plants only after physical or chemical induction. The antifungal activity of the plant extracts was investigated in vitro. Totally 70 % of the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nuda. Coridothyme extracts ranked first (61 %) in the fungal growth inhibition, followed by varthemia, salvia, ambrosia, artemisia, and lemon thyme. Some plant extracts significantly increased the POX and PPO effect compared to control for all the wheat and barley cultivars tested. The study revealed that oregano, clove or lavender and pomegranate, common yarrow or chamomile oil effectively induced the resistance indicator enzymes in wheat and barley.

Antifungal Activity of Gueira senegalensis L. and Mangifera indica L. on Sorghumloose smut pathogen (Sporisorium cruentum (KUHN) POTTER)

The objective of the research was to determine the antifungal activities of Guiera senegalensis L. and Mangifera indica L. leave extracts against most frequently occurring sorghum pathogen of the loose smut (Sporisorium cruentum) in Nigeria. Methanolic extracts from Guiera senegalensis L. and Mangifera indica L. were tested at concentrations of 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.2mg/ml as potential sources of antifungal agents for Sporisorium cruentum. All extracts exhibited moderate to good activities on the tested fungi with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The test organism was sensitive to the G. senegalensis extracts, with 14mm and 10mm in diameter at 250mg/ml and 125mg/ml, respectively. The test organism was sensitive to M. indica leaf extract with 12mm in diameter at 250mg/ml. The results showed that both extracts exhibited inhibitory effects at different concentrations against the test organism. Therefore, it is concluded that extracts of G. senegalensis and M. indica could be used in controlling the fungal pathogen of sorghum loose smut (Sporisorium cruentum). Keywords; antifungal activities, Sporisorium cruentum, Guiera senegalensis, Mangifera indica

Problems of phytoimmunity of grain crops in the Euro-Northeast of the Russian Federation and ways their solution

Breeding of grain crops for phytoimmunity in the FSBSU FASC of the Northeast is carried out in the conditions of natural and artificial epiphytotics. Every year, more than 1000 samples of winter rye, spring soft wheat, barley and oats of their own breeding and from the VIR collection are studied. In winter rye, studies are conducted on snow mold, root rot, powdery mildew, brown and stem rust, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, and ergot; in spring wheat – on root rot, septoria blight, fusarium head blight, powdery mildew, brown rust, loose smut; in barley – on root rot, net, dark brown blotch and stripe disease, loose smut; in oats - on red-brown blotch, root rot, crown rust, panicle fusarium and loose smut. Resistant samples detected on infectious backgrounds will be included in the breeding process as sources of the trait. With the participation of source genes, new varieties of winter rye were created, Snezhana, Grefinya, and others, which are being studied at different breeding stages. Long-term studies (2014-2020) on infectious and provocative backgrounds among the breeding material of the FASC of the Northeast and collection samples of spring soft wheat, oats, barley revealed sources of nonspecific resistance (6-9 points). They are used in crossbreeding programs with the best varieties to obtain high-yielding and resistant to biotic stressors hybrids that are being studied at different breeding stages.