Biofortified wheat: Harnessing genetic diversity for improved nutritional quality to eradicate hidden hunger

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Kaur ◽  
Achla Sharma ◽  
Gurvinder Singh Mavi ◽  
Puja Srivastava ◽  
Harinderjeet Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Hidden Hunger

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

scholarly journals Genetic Engineering for Global Food Security: Photosynthesis and Biofortification

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew John Simkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Dietary Variation ◽  
Global Food

Increasing demands for food and resources are challenging existing markets, driving a need to continually investigate and establish crop varieties with improved yields and health benefits. By the later part of the century, current estimates indicate that a >50% increase in the yield of most of the important food crops including wheat, rice and barley will be needed to maintain food supplies and improve nutritional quality to tackle what has become known as ‘hidden hunger’. Improving the nutritional quality of crops has become a target for providing the micronutrients required in remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. A number of methods to achieve this have been investigated over recent years, from improving photosynthesis through genetic engineering, to breeding new higher yielding varieties. Recent research has shown that growing plants under elevated [CO2] can lead to an increase in Vitamin C due to changes in gene expression, demonstrating one potential route for plant biofortification. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to improve photosynthesis and biofortify key crops to secure future food supplies and the potential links between improved photosynthesis and nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Sequencing the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

scholarly journals Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislain Kanfany ◽  
Desalegn D. Serba ◽  
Davina Rhodes ◽  
Paul St. Amand ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background: Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding. Results: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.

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