scholarly journals Pubertal development and anxiety risk independently relate to startle habituation during fear conditioning in 8-14 year-old females

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Jackson ◽  
Brady D. Nelson ◽  
Alexandria Meyer ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Startle Habituation ◽  
Old Females

scholarly journals Diagnosis and management of of primary amenorrhea and female delayed puberty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Seppä ◽  
Tanja Kuiri-Hänninen ◽  
Elina Holopainen ◽  
Raimo Voutilainen
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Puberty is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood characterized by the attainment of adult height and body composition, accrual of bone strength and the acquisition of secondary sexual characteristics, psychosocial maturation and reproductive capacity. In girls, menarche is a late marker of puberty. Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menarche in ≥15-year-old females with developed secondary sexual characteristics and normal growth or that in ≥13-year-old females without signs of pubertal development. Furthermore, evaluation for primary amenorrhea should be considered in the absence of menarche three years after thelarche (start of breast development) or five years after thelarce, if that occurred before the age of 10 years. A variety of disorders in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis can lead to primary amenorrhea with delayed, arrested or normal pubertal development. Etiologies can be categorized as hypothalamic or pituitary disorders causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gonadal disorders causing hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, disorders of other endocrine glands, and congenital utero-vaginal anomalies. This article gives a comprehensive review of the etiologies, diagnostics and management of primary amenorrhea from the perspective of pediatric endocrinologists and gynecologists. The goals of treatment vary depending on both the etiology and patient; with timely etiological diagnostics fertility may be attained even in those situations where no curable treatment exists.

Prevalence of HPV Peaks in 14- to 19-Year-Old Females

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
DAMIAN MCNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Old Females

References for growth and pubertal development from birth to 21 years in Flanders, Belgium

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roelants ◽  
R. Hauspie ◽  
K. Hoppenbrouwers
Keyword(s):  
Pubertal Development

Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear Conditioning and Fear Generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumann ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Peter Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Effects of β-Adrenoreceptor Blockade During Chronic Exercise on Contextual Fear Conditioning and mRNA for Galanin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Van Hoomissen ◽  
Philip V. Holmes ◽  
Andrew S. Zellner ◽  
Adeline Poudevigne ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Contextual Fear

Role of dorsal and ventral hippocampal muscarinic receptor activity in acquisition and retention of contextual fear conditioning.

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-470
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Pinizzotto ◽  
Nicholas A. Heroux ◽  
Colin J. Horgan ◽  
Mark E. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Muscarinic Receptor ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Contextual Fear

The Effects of MRNA synthesis in the Amygdala on the Acquisition and Reconsolidation of Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Parsons ◽  
Georgette M. Gafford ◽  
Fred J. Helmstetter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Pavlovian Fear Conditioning ◽  
Mrna Synthesis
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