The moderating role of externalizing problems on the association between anxiety and the error‐related negativity in youth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Suor ◽  
Maria Granros ◽  
Autumn Kujawa ◽  
Kate D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Christopher S. Monk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Moderating Role

scholarly journals Sensation Seeking and Gambling Behavior in Adolescence: Can Externalizing Problems Moderate this Relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8986
Author(s):  
Franca Tani ◽  
Lucia Ponti ◽  
Simon Ghinassi
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Gambling is a widespread phenomenon during adolescence. Among different risk factors involved in the onset of adolescent gambling behaviors, one factor that is studied is the sensation seeking personality trait. However, the literature is heterogeneous and a direct relationship between sensation seeking and gaming behaviors has not always been highlighted. This suggests that the relationship can be influenced by other factors. In particular, we explored the moderating role of externalizing problems in this relationship. A total of 363 adolescents (232 males and 131 females) aged 14 to 20 (M = 16.35, SD = 1.36) completed a battery of questionnaires aimed to assess their gambling behaviors, as well as the levels of externalizing problems and sensation seeking. The results showed that sensation seeking was associated with gambling severity, but this relationship was significant when externalizing problems were high and medium. On the contrary, when externalizing problems were low, the relationship between sensation seeking and gambling severity was not significant. Overall, sensation seeking in adolescence can favor the implementation of risk behaviors, such as gambling, but only in association with the presence of externalizing problems. Limitations, strengths, and social and clinical implications of the present study are discussed.

scholarly journals Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from ages 3 to 12: The moderating role of diurnal cortisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Frost ◽  
Ellen Kessel ◽  
Sarah Black ◽  
Brandon Goldstein ◽  
Kristin Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Heterotypic Continuity ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractPsychological symptoms that arise in early childhood can follow a multitude of patterns into adolescence, including homotypic continuity (i.e., similar symptoms over time) and heterotypic continuity (i.e., a shift in symptoms over time). However, we know very little about the factors that distinguish homotypic vs. heterotypic continuity of early internalizing and externalizing symptoms over development. In a separate line of research, diurnal cortisol has been shown to predict later internalizing and externalizing problems. In the current study, we tested whether diurnal cortisol patterns moderated the course of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from preschool to early adolescence. 554 children (54% male) and parents participated in a longitudinal study. Parents reported on their children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 3 and 12, and children collected diurnal saliva samples at age 9. Results showed that asteepercortisol decline at age 9 combined with high internalizing or externalizing problems at age 3 predicted higher internalizing problems at age 12. A morebluntedcortisol decline combined with early internalizing or externalizing problems predicted higher externalizing problems in early adolescence. These results illustrate the moderating role of stress system functioning in homotypic and heterotypic patterns of psychopathology from preschool to early adolescence.

scholarly journals Maternal Psychological Distress and Children’s Internalizing/Externalizing Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role Played by Hypermentalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10450
Author(s):  
Federica Bianco ◽  
Annalisa Levante ◽  
Serena Petrocchi ◽  
Flavia Lecciso ◽  
Ilaria Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Maternal Distress ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

In order to explore the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the caregiver–child relationship, we investigated the interplay among COVID-19 exposure and children’s internalizing/externalizing problems during the Italian lockdown, hypothesizing a mediation effect played by maternal distress. Additionally, we included maternal reflective functioning (i.e., hypermentalization) as a moderator factor among this interplay. A total of 305 Italian mothers of children aged 6–13 years (M = 10.3; SD = 2.4) filled in an online survey. Findings revealed an indirect effect of maternal COVID-19 exposure on children’s anxious/depressed (k2 = 0.46) and attention problems (k2 = 0.32) via maternal distress. Hypermentalization moderated the impact of maternal COVID-19 exposure on children’s anxious/depressed problems (β = −1.08, p = 0.04). Hypermentalization moderated both the relation between maternal distress and children’s aggressive behaviors (β = 12.226; p < 0.001) and between maternal distress and children’s attention problems (β = 5.617, p < 0.001). We found pivotal significant effects of maternal hypermentalization on children’s anxious/depressed and attention problems, indicating that the higher the mother’s hypermentalization was, the higher the children’s problems were. Our results broaden what we knew on the role of maternal reflective and emotional functioning on children’s emotional/behavioral adjustment during stressful situations.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Anxiety: An Investigation of the Moderating Role of Sex in Performance Monitoring and Attentional Bias to Threat in High Trait Anxious Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Strand ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Joshua M. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Anxiety disorders are more predominant in women than men, however there is a lack of understanding as to what neurocognitive mechanisms drive this sex difference. Recent investigation has found a potential moderating role of sex in the relationship between anxiety and the error related negativity (ERN)—a component of error-monitoring that is prevalent in high anxiety individuals—such that females display a positive relationship between anxiety/worry and ERN amplitude. We strove to further explore the influence of sex on the relationship between trait anxiety and performance monitoring, specifically with ERN, as well as extend this work to include another hallmark of anxiety, attentional bias to threat. To meet this end, participants performed the flanker and dot-probe tasks, respectively. We did not find a significant difference in the relationship between attention bias scores and anxiety for female vs. males participants. Furthermore, ΔERN amplitudes were greater in males compared to females, and males had more positive CRN amplitudes than females. There were no significant associations between ERN or ΔERN with anxiety in both male and female participants. However, there was a significant relationship between CRN amplitudes and trait anxiety in male but not female participants. Given these results, the effect of sex on the relationship between components of performance monitoring—namely the CRN and ERN—and anxiety may be more nuanced than the current understanding. Our study was limited to detecting medium to large sized moderation effects. Our findings may be important for future meta-analysis on sex differences in anxiety.

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