Daily insulin doses and injection frequencies of neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin, insulin detemir and insulin glargine in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a multicenter analysis of 51 964 patients from the German/Austrian DPV-wiss database

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Laubner ◽  
K. Molz ◽  
W. Kerner ◽  
W. Karges ◽  
W. Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Nph Insulin ◽  
Daily Insulin ◽  
Multicenter Analysis ◽  
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn

scholarly journals Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Insulin Detemir, a Long-Acting Insulin Analog

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMED.S5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Young ◽  
Carrie Mcadam-Marx
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Nph Insulin ◽  
Long Acting

Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin approved for use in patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin detemir has demonstrated equivalent glycemic control and hypoglycemic risk when compared to insulin glargine, and insulin detemir has generally but not consistently demonstrated less weight gain than insulin glargine in T2DM. The benefits of basal insulin analogs relative to NPH insulin are well recognized, including less FBG variability, lower risk of hypoglycemia, and less weight gain specifically with insulin detemir. However, NPH insulin continues to be widely prescribed, which may be due in part to economic considerations. While NPH insulin generally costs less per prescription, insulin detemir has been shown to be cost effective compared to NPH insulin as well as insulin glargine. Therefore, insulin detemir is an effective option from both clinical and economic perspectives for patients with T1DM or T2DM who require basal insulin to achieve glycemic control.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Glucose Metabolism after Bedtime Injection of Insulin Glargine or Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3839-3846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Linn ◽  
Britta Fischer ◽  
Nedim Soydan ◽  
Michael Eckhard ◽  
Julia Ehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nph Insulin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn

Aims/Hypothesis: Insulin glargine is a long-acting human insulin analog often administered at bedtime to patients with type 2 diabetes. It reduces fasting blood glucose levels more efficiently and with less nocturnal hypoglycemic events compared with human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. Therefore, bedtime injections of insulin glargine and NPH insulin were compared overnight and in the morning. Methods: In 10 type 2 diabetic patients, euglycemic clamps were performed, including [6,6′]2H2 glucose, to study the rate of disappearance (Rd) and endogenous production (EGP) of glucose during the night. On separate days at bedtime (2200 h), patients received a sc injection of insulin glargine, NPH insulin, or saline in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Results: Similar doses of both insulins had different metabolic profiles. NPH insulin had a greater effect on both Rd and EGP in the night compared with insulin glargine. By contrast, in the morning, insulin glargine was more effective, increasing Rd by 5.8 μmol/kg−1·min−1 (95% confidence interval 4.7–6.9) and reducing EGP −5.7 (−5.0 to −6.4) compared with NPH insulin. Nearly 80% of the glucose lowering effect in the morning was due to insulin glargine’s reduction of EGP. Its injection was associated with one-third lower morning glucagon levels compared with NPH insulin (P = 0.021). Conclusion/Interpretation: Nocturnal variations of EGP and Rd explain the reduced incidence of hypoglycemia and lower fasting glucose levels reported for insulin glargine compared with human NPH insulin.

Comparison of Insulin Detemir and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 118 (05) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tone ◽  
I. Iseda ◽  
C. Higuchi ◽  
K. Tsukamoto ◽  
A. Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Glycemic Variability
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