scholarly journals Body size and tree species composition determine variation in prey consumption in a forest‐inhabiting generalist predator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. Schrojenstein Lantman ◽  
Eero J. Vesterinen ◽  
Lionel R. Hertzog ◽  
An Martel ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Tree Species Composition

scholarly journals Body size and tree species composition determine variation in prey consumption in a forest-inhabiting generalist predator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene M. van Schrojenstein Lantman ◽  
Eero J. Vesterinen ◽  
Lionel R. Hertzog ◽  
An Martel ◽  
Kris Verheyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Prey Consumption ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
List Type ◽  
Large Prey ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Predator Size

AbstractDue to physiological, behavioural or ecological mechanisms, generalist predators may show individual variation in prey consumption. This individual specialization can result from both environmental and trait variation, with especially body size strongly connected to diet. Environmental variation can thus affect consumer-predator interactions by the joint action of changes in prey community composition and predator size.We studied whether and how changes in forest environmental conditions, such as variation in tree species identity and forest fragmentation, affect predator-prey interactions. More specifically we anticipate tree diversity or spatial context to impact the predator diet directly via prey availability and prey size, but also indirectly through shifts in predator size. We used the orb-weaving spider Araneaus diadematus inhabiting forest fragments differing in edge distance, tree diversity and tree species as a model species. The species’ diet was quantified by an unprecedented metabarcoding campaign. A total of 983 spiders were subjected to molecular diet analysis, from in total of 53 forest plots.A. diadematus showed to be a generalist predator, with 298 prey items detected in total. At the individual level, we found large spiders to consume less different species, but consistently larger species. Tree species composition affected both prey species richness and size in the spider’s diet, although tree diversity per se had no influence on the consumed prey. Edges had an indirect effect on the spider diet as spiders closer to the forest edge were larger and therefore consumed larger prey.We attribute the structural complexity of the understory related to tree species composition as a driver of prey composition and its size distribution as reflected in the predator’s diet. Although large spiders may specialize on large prey, we found no firm evidence for either ecological opportunism or strong specialization. Finally, we conclude that intraspecific size variation and tree species composition define the consumed prey of this generalist predator, and that the many feeding interactions of this spider underlie the species’ success in a large diversity of habitats.

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Crowley ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

scholarly journals Differences of tree species composition and microclimate between a mahogany(swietenia macrophyllaking) plantation and a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwon Lee ◽  
Don Koo Lee ◽  
Su‐Young Woo ◽  
Emmanuel Rodantes G. Abraham ◽  
Wilfredo M. Carandang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Tree Species Composition

scholarly journals TIMBER-FRAME STRUCTURE AND TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF A FARMHOUSE IN IIYAMA, IN THE CENTRAL JAPANESE SNOWBELT

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro SHOJI ◽  
Hideyuki IDA ◽  
Toshikazu TSUCHIMOTO ◽  
Shigeo HOYANO
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Timber Frame

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Height-diameter Allometry of Three Forest Types in Northern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttaluck Khamyong ◽  
◽  
Prasit Wangpakapattanawong ◽  
Sutthathorn Chairuangsri ◽  
Angkhana Inta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Tree Species Composition

scholarly journals The Impacts of Land Use and Forest Activities on Tree Species Composition and Structure on the Edges of Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Godfrey Agea ◽  
Clement Akais Okia ◽  
Refaat Atalla Ahmed Abohassan ◽  
James Munga Kimondo ◽  
Susan B. Tumwebaze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Budongo Forest Reserve ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Budongo Forest ◽  
Species Composition And Structure ◽  
Forest Activities
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