دور قانون الأحوال الشخصية السوداني للمسلمين في حماية حقوق المرأة

women rights in regard to marriage and divorce, which had been endorsed by Sudanese personal statutes for 1991, also the actions to protect theses rights , with a comparing with Islamic law . The research found that the Sudanese personal law has a strong trend towards expanding the adoption of most forms of these rights , even those which disputable among scholars. In regarding to the protection of these rights, the mere letter of the law is considered as the basis upon which women can claim to get judiciary protection . In addition to that the law includes many actions to protect these rights . which have been detailed in the search.

Vascular topology is acutely impacted by experimental febrile status epilepticus

Febrile status epilepticus (FSE) is an important risk factor for temporal lobe epilepsy and early identification is vital. In a rat model of FSE, we identified an acute novel MRI signal in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) at 2 hours post FSE that predicted epilepsy in adulthood. This signal remains incompletely understood and hypothesized that it might derive from changes to vascular topology. Experimental FSE was induced in rat pups and compared to normothermic littermate controls. We examined cerebral vascular topology at 2 hours, using a novel vessel painting and analysis protocol. Blood vessel density of the cortical vasculature was significantly reduced in FSE rats, and this effect was lateralized, as reported for the MRI signal. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) exhibited abnormal topology in FSE pups but not in controls. In the BLA, significant vessel junction reductions and decreased vessel diameter were observed, together with a strong trend for reduced vessel length. In summary, FSE results in acute vascular topological changes in the cortex and BLA that may underlie the acute MRI signal that predicts progression to future epilepsy. The altered vasculature may be amenable to intervention treatments to potentially reduce the probability of progression to epilepsy following FSE.

Evidence from 1992 to 2019 on the dynamics of managerial authority and CEO remuneration during company crises

We investigate the dynamics of two governance constructs, management influence over the board of directors and CEO remuneration, in enterprises in crisis from 1992 to 2019. Data reveal a strong trend of improving governance over time, which confounds the conclusion concerning the impact of distress on governance. Using a bias-corrected matching estimator to control for secular trends, we find that distressed businesses cut management board appointments and CEO compensation, deepen managerial incentive alignment, and increase CEO turnover. The performance-related component of CEO remuneration accounts for the majority of changes in CEO compensation in troubled businesses, which is consistent with the "shareholder value" perspective on CEO compensation.

Spirituality and Islam

Many Muslim societies have long histories of mystical, devotional, and esoteric traditions such as Sufism, which are today commonly referred to as “spiritual” traditions. Yet spirituality within Islamic traditions has an uncertain and marginalized status in many contemporary Muslim societies as a result of local, national, and global political struggles over Islam. In Indonesia, where Sufism has had a major historical influence for much of the twentieth century, there has been a strong trend toward scripturalist Islamic modernism. Yet along with Indonesia’s Islamic revival since the 1990s has come a revival of Sufism, particularly among the urban upper middle class. This chapter explores the Sufist revival as a manifestation of spirituality in Indonesia, examining the recent history of Sufism and the evolving relationship between Sufism and other ways of being Muslim, as well as surveying recent scholarship on the social and political contours of the embrace of Sufism by educated urbanites.

The European Union post COVID-19: Preserving innovation's cutting edge and fostering social cohesion

Despite a long period of post-crisis recovery, the COVID crisis caught the EU in a precarious state. The policy and institutional innovations during the financial crisis tempered the macroeconomic imbalances that had caused the crisis. Nevertheless, the EU was left with a strong trend of divergence in economic and social performance because of the lack of sufficiently strong reforms at EU and national levels. But the lessons of the previous crisis were learned. This time around, the EU-level policy and institutional innovations were decisive. The fiscal capacities of the hard-hit countries were strengthened quickly. Green and digital transformation will require a major new wave of innovation in the corporate sector in the EU. This, in turn, critically hinges on improving the quality of public and private institutions and advancing with the implementation of major reforms at the EU level, such as the digital single market or Capital Market Union. Implementing these reforms fully, and preventing later reversals is a key to stemming the trend of economic and social divergence, thus strengthening the coherence of the EU.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on road traffic collision injury patterns and severity in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates

Background The COVID-19 Pandemic lockdowns restricted human and traffic mobility impacting the patterns and severity of road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on incidence, patterns, severity of the injury, and outcomes of hospitalized RTCs trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods We compared the data of two cohorts of patients which were collected over two periods; the Pandemic period (28 March 2020 to 27 March 2021) and the pre-pandemic period (28 March 2019 to 27 March 2020). All RTCs trauma patients who were hospitalized in the two major trauma centers (Al-Ain and Tawam Hospitals) of Al-Ain City were studied. Results Overall, the incidence of hospitalized RTC trauma patients significantly reduced by 33.5% during the Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The mechanism of injury was significantly different between the two periods (p < 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). MVCs were less during the Pandemic (60.5% compared with 72%), while motorcycle injuries were more (23.3% compared with 11.2%). The mortality of hospitalized RTC patients was significantly higher during the Pandemic (4.4% compared with 2.3%, p = 0.045, Fisher’s Exact test). Logistic regression showed that the significant factors that predicted mortality were the low GCS (p < 0.0001), admission to the ICU (p < 0.0001), and the high ISS (p = 0.045). COVID-19 Pandemic had a very strong trend (p = 0.058) for increased mortality. Conclusions Our study has shown that the numbers of hospitalized RTC trauma patients reduced by 33.5% during the COVID-19 Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in our setting. This was attributed to the reduced motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle injuries while motorcycle injuries increased. Mortality was significantly higher during the Pandemic, which was attributed to increased ISS and reduced GCS.

Information needs and information seeking behaviour of paediatric nurses of Christchurch hospital

<p>The professional information needs of nurses, and the situations which cause nurses to seek information have not been widely studied. A small scale study involving questionnaire based interviews of paediatric nurses at Christchurch Hospital showed paediatric nurses viewed access to professional information as vital to the performance of their work. Work situations which required these nurses to seek additional information included the admission of patients with unknown or rare conditions, patient education, questions from other staff, and the development of ward protocols or standards. The most frequently consulted sources were patient records, nursing colleagues, and ward texts. These provided the bulk of nursing information, but the Nursing Library and nurses' private libraries were also used. Given the dependence on other nursing staff displayed here, it is vital that nurses keep up to date with their practice. There was a strong trend to passing information on to other nurses once it had been accessed.</p>

Information needs and information seeking behaviour of paediatric nurses of Christchurch hospital

<p>The professional information needs of nurses, and the situations which cause nurses to seek information have not been widely studied. A small scale study involving questionnaire based interviews of paediatric nurses at Christchurch Hospital showed paediatric nurses viewed access to professional information as vital to the performance of their work. Work situations which required these nurses to seek additional information included the admission of patients with unknown or rare conditions, patient education, questions from other staff, and the development of ward protocols or standards. The most frequently consulted sources were patient records, nursing colleagues, and ward texts. These provided the bulk of nursing information, but the Nursing Library and nurses' private libraries were also used. Given the dependence on other nursing staff displayed here, it is vital that nurses keep up to date with their practice. There was a strong trend to passing information on to other nurses once it had been accessed.</p>

Genetic Landscape and Clonal Evolution Patterns of CEBPA-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Based on Next-Generation Sequencing: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction Although CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha double mutated (CEBPADM) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered a low-risk form of AML according to 2017 ELN recommendations, relapse remains a major cause of death. To assess the broader prognostic impact of other cancer-associated genes, we sequenced a panel of 40 myeloid disorders-related genes in a 25 patient cohort. Methods 16 CEBPADM AML diagnosis samples along with 9 CEBPAsingle mutated (SM) were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing (Ion Torrent) using Oncomine Myeloid Research Assay. 4 CEBPADM and 2 CEBPASM AML relapse samples were analyzed as well. All patients received intensive chemotherapy according to 2017 ELN recommendations. Results With a median follow-up of 3.2 years (range 0.4-12) 5y OS was 61% and 14% for CEBPADM and CEBPASM patients respectively. Overall, a median of 3 concurrent mutations were present at diagnosis, slightly more in CEBPA SM patients (4 vs 3 in CEBPA DMpatients). The number of somatic mutations influenced both PFS and OS (p = 0.04 and p &lt; 0.01 respectively) independently of CEBPA mutational status. Each single unitary increase in the number of mutations increased the hazard for death of 27.7% (95% CI: -1.4-+65; p = 0.064) while passing from 4 to 5 mutations increased the odds of death by 367%. 5y OS in patients with 5 or more concurrent mutation was 14.3% vs 61.8% in patients with less than 5 co-mutated genes; 5y PFS was 0% vs 38.6%. Mutational landscape of CEBPADMand CEBPASMAML differed significantly, with GATA2, FLT3, DNMT3A and TET2 being the most frequently mutated genes in CEBPADM vs NPM1, FLT3, DNMT3A and WT1 in CEBPASM patients. NPM1(77.8% vs 6.7%; p &lt; 0.01) and ASXL1 mutations (44.4% vs 0%; p = 0.02) were more frequent in CEBPASM patients, confirming they are mutually exclusive with CEBPA biallelic lesions. DNA methylation was the most frequently mutated pathway in biallelic patients (87%) while chromatin/cohesin complex (88%) was the most frequently mutated one in CEBPA monoallelic patients. Mutations of CEBPA, NPM1, DNMT3A, WT1, STAG2, TET2, ASXL1, IDH2, SRSF2, CALR, PRPF8, NF1, TP53, RUNX1 had the highest median variant allele frequency (VAF), more often representing founding mutations. GATA2, IDH1, KRAS, BCOR, MPL, IKZ2F1 and PTPN11 had a more borderline median VAF, variably being clonal or subclonal. Mutations in the 3 tyrosine kinases genes FLT3-ITD , CSF3R, NRAS were only subclonal. Mutations in WT1 and FLT3 were associated with increased relapse rate (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively), while patients with GATA2 mutations had a strong trend towards better 5y OS (83% vs 32%, p = 0.053). We also identified a not previously described allelic variant in the SH2B3 gene (ATGGGG/A INDEL) with an overall prevalence in our population of 58.3% (46.7% of CEBPA DM and 77.8% of CEBPA SMpatients). Patients with the SH2B3allelic variant had a significantly lower bone marrow blast percentage at diagnosis (p = 0.014) and a strong trend towards a higher number of concurrent mutations (p = 0.056). Moreover, when present at diagnosis, SH2B3 variant persisted at relapse with the same VAF. By real time PCR we demonstrated that this SH2B3 allelic variant leads to a dramatic reduction of the corresponding transcript. This gene encodes for a negative regulator of many crucial signaling pathways (SCF/c-KIT, erythropoietin/JAK2, thrombopoietin/MPL WT/ W515L, JAK2 WT/ V617F, GM-CSFR and FLT3-WT/ITD) of the hematopoietic stem cell. Matched diagnosis and relapse samples analysis suggested different features of clonal evolution: while mutations of SH2B3, WT1, DNMT3A, NPM1, and IDH1 consistently persisted at relapse, CEBPA and GATA2 mutations were unstable during disease course. ZRSR2 and PRPF8 mutations were found in relapse samples only. Summary Our study offers insights into the genetic landscape of CEBPADM mutated AML as compared to CEBPASM AML, highlighting the contribution of NGS to risk stratification. In fact, our data show that the number and the type of concurrent mutation has a prognostic impact, possibly identifying patients eligible to first line allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We identified an allelic variant of SH2B3 that had never been functionally characterized nor associated with AML and that could represent a marker for genetic instability and a potential new target in AML treatment strategies. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Temporal Changes in Seismic Anisotropy as a New Eruption Forecasting Tool

<p>The orientation of crustal anisotropy changed by ~80 degrees in association with the 1995/96 eruption of Mt. Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand. This change occurred with a confidence level of more than 99.9%, and affects an area with a radius of at least 5 km around the summit. It provides the basis for a new monitoring technique and possibly for future mid-term eruption forecasting at volcanoes. Three deployments of seismometers were conducted on Mt. Ruapehu in 1994, 1998 and 2002. The fast anisotropic direction was measured by a semi-automatic algorithm, using the method of shear wave splitting. Prior to the eruption, a strong trend for the fast anisotropic direction was found to be around NW-SE, which is approximately perpendicular to the regional main stress direction. This deployment was followed by a moderate phreatomagmatic eruption in 1995/96, which ejected material with an overall volume of around 0.02-0.05 km3. Splitting results from a deployment after the eruption (1998) suggested that the fast anisotropic direction for deep earthquakes (>55 km) has changed by around 80 degrees, becoming parallel to the regional stress field. Shallow earthquakes (<35 km) also show this behaviour, but with more scatter of the fast directions. Another deployment (2002) covered the exact station locations of both the 1994 and the 1998 deployments and indicates further changes. Fast directions of deep events remain rotated by 80 degrees compared to the pre-eruption direction, whereas a realignment of the shallow events towards the pre-eruption direction is observed. The interpretation is that prior to the eruption, a pressurised magma dike system overprinted the regional stress field, generating a local stress field and therefore altering the fast anisotropic direction via preferred crack alignment. Numerical modelling suggests that the stress drop during the eruption was sufficient to change the local stress direction back to the regional trend, which was then observed in the 1998 experiment. A refilling and pressurising magma dike system is responsible for the newly observed realignment of the fast directions for the shallow events, but is not yet strong enough to rotate the deeper events with their longer delay times and lower frequencies. These effects provide a new method for volcano monitoring at Mt. Ruapehu and possibly at other volcanoes on Earth. They might, after further work, serve as a tool for eruption forecasting at Mt. Ruapehu or elsewhere. It is therefore proposed that changes in anisotropy around other volcanoes be investigated.</p>