Food availability and long‐term predation risk interactively affect antipredator response

Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Shiratsuru ◽  
Yasmine N. Majchrzak ◽  
Michael J. L. Peers ◽  
Emily K. Studd ◽  
Allyson K. Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Antipredator Response

scholarly journals Behavioural adaptations of mussels to varying levels of food availability and predation risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Robson ◽  
C. Garcia De Leaniz ◽  
R. P. Wilson ◽  
L. G. Halsey
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

Interlake variation in growth and size structure of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): inverse analysis of an individual-based model

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Nibbelink ◽  
Stephen R Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Free Parameters ◽  
Contrasting Habitats

Habitat structure alters food availability and predation risk, thereby directly affecting growth, mortality, and size structure of fish populations. Size structure has often been used to infer patterns of resource abundance and predation. However, food availability and predation risk in contrasting habitats have proven difficult to measure in the field. We use an inverse modeling approach to estimate food availability and habitat choice parameters from changes in length distributions of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model suggests that dynamics of bluegill length distributions primarily reflect food availability and habitat choice. Bluegill behavior minimized effects of size-selective predation on size structure. Parameters for food availability and habitat choice were correlated. It was therefore not possible to attain unique estimates of food availability and habitat selection when both were free parameters. However, when one parameter was estimated independently, the other could be identified. In five Wisconsin lakes, seining studies were used to estimate the size at which bluegill switched from littoral to pelagic habitats. Using this measure of switch size in the model, we estimated food availability for bluegill in each lake. These estimates were positively correlated with observed growth (r2 = 0.91), demonstrating the model's ability to estimate food availability.

scholarly journals Adult predation risk drives shifts in parental care strategies: a long-term study

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Jaatinen ◽  
Markus Öst ◽  
Aleksi Lehikoinen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study

scholarly journals Rainy springs linked to poor nestling growth in a declining avian aerial insectivore ( Tachycineta bicolor )

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1898) ◽  
pp. 20190018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Cox ◽  
Raleigh J. Robertson ◽  
Ádám Z. Lendvai ◽  
Kennedy Everitt ◽  
Frances Bonier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Food Shortages

As species shift their ranges and phenology to cope with climate change, many are left without a ready supply of their preferred food source during critical life stages. Food shortages are often assumed to be driven by reduced total food abundance, but here we propose that climate change may cause short-term food shortages for foraging specialists without affecting overall food availability. We frame this hypothesis around the special case of birds that forage on flying insects for whom effects mediated by their shared food resource have been proposed to cause avian aerial insectivores' decline worldwide. Flying insects are inactive during cold, wet or windy conditions, effectively reducing food availability to zero even if insect abundance remains otherwise unchanged. Using long-term monitoring data from a declining population of tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ), we show that nestlings’ body mass declined substantially from 1977 to 2017. In 2017, nestlings had lower body mass if it rained during the preceding 3 days, though females increased provisioning rates, potentially in an attempt to compensate. Adult body mass, particularly that of the males, has also declined over the long-term study. Mean rainfall during the nestling period has increased by 9.3 ± 0.3 mm decade −1 , potentially explaining declining nestling body mass and population declines. Therefore, we suggest that reduced food availability, distinct from food abundance, may be an important and previously overlooked consequence of climate change, which could be affecting populations of species that specialize on foraging on flying insects.

Ecological drivers of group size in female Alpine chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra

Mammalia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Chirichella ◽  
Andrea Mustoni ◽  
Marco Apollonio
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Alpine Chamois

AbstractIn large mammalian herbivores, an increase in herd size not only reduces predation risk but also energy intake. As a consequence, the size of the groups made up by herbivores is often assumed to be the outcome of a trade-off depending on local predation risk and food availability. We studied Alpine chamois (

Long-term comparison of food availability and reproduction in the edible dormouse (Glis glis)

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schlund ◽  
F. Scharfe ◽  
J.U. Ganzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Glis Glis ◽  
Edible Dormouse

scholarly journals Impact of continuous predator threat on telomere dynamics in parent and nestling pied flycatchers

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Kärkkäinen ◽  
Pauliina Teerikorpi ◽  
Bineet Panda ◽  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Antoine Stier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Ageing Rate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Perceived Predation Risk ◽  
Telomere Dynamics ◽  
Predator Threat

Abstract In addition to direct mortality, predators can have indirect effects on prey populations by affecting prey behaviour or physiology. For example, predator presence can increase stress hormone levels, which can have physiological costs. Stress exposure accelerates the shortening of telomeres (i.e. the protective caps of chromosomes) and shorter telomeres have been linked to increased mortality risk. However, the effect of perceived predation risk on telomeres is not known. We investigated the effects of continuous predator threat (nesting Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum) on telomere dynamics of both adult and partially cross-fostered nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in the wild. Females nesting at owl-inhabited sites showed impaired telomere maintenance between incubation and chick rearing compared to controls, and both males and females ended up with shorter telomeres at owl-inhabited sites in the end of chick rearing. On the contrary, both original and cross-fostered chicks reared in owl sites had consistently longer telomeres during growth than chicks reared at control sites. Thus, predation risk may cause a long-term cost in terms of telomeres for parents but not for their offspring. Predators may therefore affect telomere dynamics of their preys, which could have implications for their ageing rate and consequently for population dynamics.

Does habitat type modify group size in roe deer and red deer under predation risk by Iberian wolves?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barja ◽  
S. Rosellini
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grouping Behavior

We examined whether group size in red deer ( Cervus elaphus L., 1758) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus (L., 1758)) under predation risk by Iberian wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) is affected by the type of habitat in which the deer reside. We hypothesized that group size (i) would be larger in open than in closed habitats, since it is an antipredator response, and (ii) would vary more with habitat type in the species that had higher wolf predation rates. In the study area, wolves were the only predator of wild ungulates, with roe deer being the main target prey. We performed monthly transects along paths to observe the group size of red and roe deer. In roe deer, the mean group size was significantly higher in open than in closed habitats, serving as an antipredator response. However, in red deer, habitat type did not affect group size. The results indicate that under predation risk by wolves the habitat type influences the grouping behavior of roe deer but not red deer. Furthermore, compared with forests, heaths offer less protection from predators and species in this habitat would benefit from larger group sizes.

scholarly journals Predictable changes in predation mortality as a consequence of changes in food availability and predation risk

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley R. Anholt ◽  
E.E. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Predation Mortality
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