scholarly journals Immigration counter‐acts local micro‐evolution of a major fitness component: Migration‐selection balance in free‐living song sparrows

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Jane M. Reid ◽  
Peter Arcese ◽  
Pirmin Nietlisbach ◽  
Matthew E. Wolak ◽  
Stefanie Muff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Component ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Component Migration

scholarly journals Fitness Correlates of Song Repertoire Size in Free‐Living Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Reid ◽  
Peter Arcese ◽  
Alice L. E. V. Cassidy ◽  
Sara M. Hiebert ◽  
James N. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Repertoire Size ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Song Sparrows

scholarly journals Long-term maternal effect on offspring immune response in song sparrows Melospiza melodia

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M Reid ◽  
Peter Arcese ◽  
Lukas F Keller ◽  
Dennis Hasselquist
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Song Sparrows

Knowledge of the causes of variation in host immunity to parasitic infection and the time-scales over which variation persists, is integral to predicting the evolutionary and epidemiological consequences of host–parasite interactions. It is clear that offspring immunity can be influenced by parental immune experience, for example, reflecting transfer of antibodies from mothers to young offspring. However, it is less clear whether such parental effects persist or have functional consequences over longer time-scales, linking a parent's previous immune experience to future immune responsiveness in fully grown offspring. We used free-living song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) to quantify long-term effects of parental immune experience on offspring immune response. We experimentally vaccinated parents with a novel antigen and tested whether parental vaccination influenced the humoral antibody response mounted by fully grown offspring hatched the following year. Parental vaccination did not influence offspring baseline antibody titres. However, offspring of vaccinated mothers mounted substantially stronger antibody responses than offspring of unvaccinated mothers. Antibody responses did not differ between offspring of vaccinated and unvaccinated fathers. These data demonstrate substantial long-term effects of maternal immune experience on the humoral immune response of fully grown offspring in free-living birds.

scholarly journals Indirect selection on female extra-pair reproduction? Comparing the additive genetic value of maternal half-sib extra-pair and within-pair offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1734) ◽  
pp. 1700-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Reid ◽  
Rebecca J. Sardell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Genetic Covariance ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Paired Male ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Value

One specific hypothesis explaining the evolution of extra-pair reproduction (EPR) by socially monogamous females is that EPR is under indirect selection because extra-pair offspring (EPO) sired by extra-pair males have higher additive genetic value for fitness than the within-pair offspring (WPO) a female would have produced had she solely mated with her socially paired male. This hypothesis has not been explicitly tested by comparing additive genetic value between EPO and the WPO they replaced. We show that the difference in additive genetic breeding value (BV) between EPO and the WPO they replaced is proportional to the genetic covariance between offspring fitness and male net paternity gain through EPR, and estimate this covariance with respect to offspring recruitment in free-living song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ). Recruitment and net paternity gain showed non-zero additive genetic variance and heritability, and negative genetic covariance. Opposite to prediction, EPO therefore had lower BV for recruitment than the WPO they replaced. We thereby demonstrate an explicit quantitative genetic approach to testing the hypothesis that EPR allows polyandrous females to increase offspring additive genetic value, and suggest that there may be weak indirect selection against female EPR through reduced additive genetic value for recruitment of EPO versus WPO in song sparrows.

scholarly journals Inbreeding effects on immune response in free-living song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia )

2006 ◽  
Vol 274 (1610) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M Reid ◽  
Peter Arcese ◽  
Lukas F Keller ◽  
Kyle H Elliott ◽  
Laura Sampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Primary Antibody ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Primary Antibody Response ◽  
Immune Challenges

The consequences of inbreeding for host immunity to parasitic infection have broad implications for the evolutionary and dynamical impacts of parasites on populations where inbreeding occurs. To rigorously assess the magnitude and the prevalence of inbreeding effects on immunity, multiple components of host immune response should be related to inbreeding coefficient ( f ) in free-living individuals. We used a pedigreed, free-living population of song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia ) to test whether individual responses to widely used experimental immune challenges varied consistently with f . The patagial swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin declined markedly with f in both females and males in both 2002 and 2003, although overall inbreeding depression was greater in males. The primary antibody response to tetanus toxoid declined with f in females but not in males in both 2004 and 2005. Primary antibody responses to diphtheria toxoid were low but tended to decline with f in 2004. Overall inbreeding depression did not solely reflect particularly strong immune responses in outbred offspring of immigrant–native pairings or weak responses in highly inbred individuals. These data indicate substantial and apparently sex-specific inbreeding effects on immune response, implying that inbred hosts may be relatively susceptible to parasitic infection to differing degrees in males and females.

scholarly journals Individuals’ expected genetic contributions to future generations, reproductive value, and short-term metrics of fitness in free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia )

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Reid ◽  
Pirmin Nietlisbach ◽  
Matthew E. Wolak ◽  
Lukas F. Keller ◽  
Peter Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Genetic Contributions

scholarly journals The timing of birds' breeding seasons: a review of experiments that manipulated timing of breeding

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1490) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Verhulst ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Breeding Time ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Seasonal Decline ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Cross Fostering

Reproductive success usually declines in the course of the season, which may be a direct effect of breeding time, an effect of quality (individuals with high phenotypic or environmental quality breeding early), or a combination of the two. Being able to distinguish between these possibilities is crucial when trying to understand individual variation in annual routines, for instance when to breed, moult and migrate. We review experiments with free-living birds performed to distinguish between the ‘timing’ and ‘quality’ hypothesis. ‘Clean’ manipulation of breeding time seems impossible, and we therefore discuss strong and weak points of different manipulation techniques. We find that the qualitative results were independent of manipulation technique (inducing replacement clutches versus cross-fostering early and late clutches). Given that the two techniques differ strongly in demands made on the birds, this suggests that potential experimental biases are limited. Overall, the evidence indicated that date and quality are both important, depending on fitness component and species, although evidence for the date hypothesis was found more frequently. We expected both effects to be prevalent, since only if date per se is important, does an incentive exist for high-quality birds to breed early. We discuss mechanisms mediating the seasonal decline in reproductive success, and distinguish between effects of absolute date and relative date, for instance timing relative to seasonal environmental fluctuations or conspecifics. The latter is important at least in some cases, suggesting that the optimal breeding time may be frequency dependent, but this has been little studied. A recurring pattern among cross-fostering studies was that delay experiments provided evidence for the quality hypothesis, while advance experiments provided evidence for the date hypothesis. This indicates that late pairs are constrained from producing a clutch earlier in the season, presumably by the fitness costs this would entail. This provides us with a paradox: evidence for the date hypothesis leads us to conclude that quality is important for the ability to breed early.

scholarly journals Fitness Correlates of Song Repertoire Size in Free-Living Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Reid ◽  
Arcese ◽  
Alice L. E. V. Cassidy ◽  
Hiebert ◽  
James N. M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Repertoire Size ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Song Repertoire ◽  
Song Sparrows

Effects of corticosterone on territorial behavior of free-living male song sparrows Melospiza melodia

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Wingfield ◽  
Bengt Silverin
Keyword(s):  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Territorial Behavior ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Song Sparrows

scholarly journals Song Sparrow (Melospiza Melodia) Song Varies with Urban Noise

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Wood ◽  
Stephen M. Yezerinac
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Rural Environments

Abstract In urban environments, anthropogenic noise may mask bird song, especially the notes occurring at lower frequencies (1–2 kHz). Birds living in urban environments may modify their songs, particularly the low-frequency portions, to minimize masking by anthropogenic noise. Such modifications have been observed in Great Tits (Parus major) in The Netherlands, as well as in some mammals. We studied Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which are common in both urban and rural environments in much of North America, and recorded the songs of 28 free- living males in Portland, Oregon. We also measured the amplitude and spectrum of ambient noise at singing locations. Song Sparrows singing at noisier locations exhibited higher-frequency low notes and had relatively less energy (amplitude) in the low-frequency range of their songs (1–4 kHz), where most anthropogenic noise also occurred. Although the mechanism(s) producing the correlation are as yet undetermined, the observed match between song and noise may result from behavioral plasticity. We discuss explanations for these patterns and how to test them. Le Chant de Melospiza melodia Varie avec le Bruit Urbain

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