Recent progress towards developing a new computational capability for accurate and efficient high–fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large–eddy simulation (LES) of turbomachinery is described. This capability is based on an entropy– stable Discontinuous–Galerkin spectral–element approach that extends to arbitrarily high orders of spatial and temporal accuracy, and is implemented in a computationally efficient manner on a modern high performance computer architecture. An inflow turbulence generation procedure based on a linear forcing approach has been incorporated in this framework and DNS conducted to study the effect of inflow turbulence on the suction–side separation bubble in low–pressure turbine (LPT) cascades. The T106 series of airfoil cascades in both lightly (T106A) and highly loaded (T106C) configurations at exit isentropic Reynolds numbers of 60,000 and 80,000, respectively, are considered. The numerical simulations are performed using 8th–order accurate spatial and 4th–order accurate temporal discretizations. The changes in separation bubble topology due to elevated inflow turbulence are captured by the present method and the physical mechanisms leading to the changes are explained. The present results are in good agreement with prior numerical simulations but some expected discrepancies with the experimental data for the T106C case are noted and discussed.
Efficiency of high-performance discontinuous Galerkin spectral element methods for under-resolved turbulent incompressible flows
