Reconsidering CCS in the US fossil‐fuel fired electricity industry under section 45Q tax credits

Chapter 4 examines how Canadian policymakers’ renewed promise to tackle child poverty translated into the Child Tax Benefit, the nonrefundable Child Tax Credit, and the Working Income Tax Benefit. Whereas the logic of tax relief served as the springboard for fiscalization in the US, the logic of income supplementation drove the process in Canada. This difference had important implications for the shape and scope of Canadian tax credits, enabling them to significantly reduce child poverty relative to the much weaker outcomes in the US. Family allowances offered policymakers an alternative to welfare as the primary method of delivering cash benefits to children. Canadian policymakers, including conservative policymakers and profamily groups, saw expanding child tax credits as a way to “take children off welfare” by redirecting benefits through a nonstigmatizing program. The initial change occurred under the Progressive Conservatives in 1992 and was consolidated under the Liberals in 1997.

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Optimal Taxation of Families: Mirrlees meets Becker*

The Economic Journal ◽

10.1093/ej/ueab012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Musab Kurnaz

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Income Distribution ◽

Income Tax ◽

Optimal Taxation ◽

Tax Credits ◽

Child Rearing ◽

Welfare Gains ◽

Us Economy ◽

Parental Time ◽

The Us

Abstract This paper studies optimal taxation of families—a combination of an income tax schedule and child tax credits. Child-rearing requires both goods and parental time, which distinctly impact the design of optimal child tax credits. In the quantitative analysis, I calibrate my model to the US economy and show that the optimal child tax credits are U-shaped in income and are decreasing in family size. In particular, the optimal credits decrease in the first nine deciles of the income distribution and then increase thereafter. Implementing the optimum yields large welfare gains.

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MILKING THE CASH COW: EARNINGS PRESSURE AND OUTPUT COMPETITION IN THE US ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY.

Academy of Management Proceedings ◽

10.5465/ambpp.2007.26523582 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

JAVIER GIMENO

Keyword(s):

Electricity Industry ◽

The Us

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Taxes, Transfers, and Women’s Labor Supply in the United States

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190628963.013.18 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 452-480

Author(s):

Melanie Guldi ◽

Lucie Schmidt

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Labor Supply ◽

Safety Net ◽

The United States ◽

Cash Transfers ◽

Tax Credits ◽

Women's Labor ◽

The Us ◽

Tax And Transfer System ◽

Women’S Labor Supply

The US tax and transfer system generates revenue and provides safety net programs that move millions out of poverty. Since women are more likely to live in poverty, they are more likely to qualify for means-tested transfers. The structure of taxation in the United States often penalizes secondary earners, who are usually women. These programs alter work incentives and consequently may affect labor supply decisions. In this chapter, we examine the empirical evidence on the effects of taxes and transfers on the labor supply of women in the United States. We show that much has changed since 1990, with the biggest shift being a change from cash transfers via welfare to refundable tax credits to workers. Overall, the evidence we review shows women have higher labor force participation and are less responsive to changes in after-tax wages than they were before 1990, but the labor supply effects vary substantially by program considered.

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Impacts of Solar Electricity Generation on the Thai Electricity Industry

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.2022.41059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Buncha Wattana ◽

Phinyo Aungyut

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Electricity Industry ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Solar Electricity ◽

Analysis Platform

This paper analyses the impacts of electricity generation from solar energy on the Thai electricity industry. In this paper, three scenarios (REF, Solar2015 and Solar2018) are developed to represent an increased levels of electricity produced from solar energy. A Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model is employed, in this paper, to assess the impacts for the period 2019–2037.This paper assesses and analyses the scenario impacts in terms of diversification of electricity generation, fossil fuel requirement and emissions of CO2 and SO2. The analysis reveals that increased electricity generation from solar energy would help diversify energy supply for electricity generation, reduce fossil fuel imports, and therefore help improve energy security of the country. Furthermore, it would help mitigating CO2 and SO2 emissions – an issue of environmental significance. Despite several benefits, there are a number of emerging barriers for promoting electricity generation from solar energy in Thailand. These include the intermittency of solar energy, high-capital cost, unsupportable grid infrastructure and unfavourable regulatory framework. This paper, therefore, suggests that the implementation of energy storage system, provision of financial incentives to potential investors, improvement of grid flexibility and the revision of the regulations to support solar energy business could be effective strategies in order to address the barriers facing the Thai electricity industry.

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