Favipiravir biotransformation in liver cytosol: species and sex differences in humans, monkeys, rats, and mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin R. Smith ◽  
Christie H. Kahlon ◽  
Jamie N. Brown ◽  
Rachel B. Britt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Rats And Mice

Favipiravir biotransformation in liver cytosol: species and sex differences in humans, monkeys, rats, and mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobumitsu Hanioka ◽  
Keita Saito ◽  
Takashi Isobe ◽  
Susumu Ohkawara ◽  
Hideto Jinno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Androgen sulphate formation in male and female mice

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
D A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Rats And Mice

1. After the administration of large doses of androsterone, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone to mice, females excreted more of the dose conjugated with sulphuric acid than did males. 2. Liver slices from female mice conjugated androgens with sulphuric acid to a greater extent than did slices from males. 3. Sulphotransferase preparations from livers of female rats and mice catalysed the formation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate at a faster rate than preparations from livers of the male animals. 4. A possible explanation for the observed sex differences is discussed.

scholarly journals Similar levels of emotional contagion in male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Han ◽  
Bo Sichterman ◽  
Maria Carrillo ◽  
Valeria Gazzola ◽  
Christian Keysers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Danger Detection ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEmotional contagion, the ability to feel what other individuals feel, is thought to be an important element of social life. In humans, emotional contagion has been shown to be stronger in women than men. Emotional contagion has been shown to exist also in rodents, and a growing number of studies explore the neural basis of emotional contagion in male rats and mice. These studies promise to shed light on the mechanisms that might go astray in psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctions of emotional contagion and empathy. Here we explore whether there are sex differences in emotional contagion in rats. We use an established paradigm in which a demonstrator rat receives footshocks while freezing is measured in both the demonstrator and an observer rat, which can hear, smell and see each other. By comparing pairs of male rats with pairs of female rats, we find (i) that female demonstrators freeze less when submitted to footshocks, but that (ii) the emotional contagion response, i.e. the degree of influence across the rats, does not depend on the sex of the rats. This was true whether emotional contagion was quantified based on the slope of a regression linking demonstrator and observer average freezing, or on Granger causality estimates of moment-to-moment freezing. The lack of sex differences in emotional contagion is compatible with an interpretation of emotional contagion as serving selfish danger detection.

scholarly journals Sex change in the plumage of brown leghorn capons following the injection of certain synthetic æstrus-producing compounds

1934 ◽  
Vol 114 (788) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Rats And Mice

It has been shown (Cook, Dodds, Hewett, and Lawson, p. 272) that certain phenanthrene and dibenzanthracene compounds are capable of causing all the known phenomena of œstrus when injected into overiectomized rats and mice. In order to investigate the actions of the compounds in another species it was decided to study their effects upon injection into capons. Any possible result of these injections was looked for in the modifications and growth of the comb and in the plumage. At the outset it may be stated that up to the present no acceleration of comb growth has been obtained from these compounds, but very definite alternations in the plumage have resulted from their injection. Amongst others, Juhn and Gustavson (1930, a ) have shown that œstrone is injected in sufficient quantity into Brown Leghorn capons regenerating feathers are female in type. For this reason it is usual, when dealing with this substance, to remove a number of feathers from certain regions ( e. g. wing, breast, and saddle) of the capons some time previous to the commencement of the injections. The sex differences in this breed are extremely well marked so that deviations in colour or structure from either sex type of feather during experimentation can be readily appreciated: in the female, all feathers, with the exception of the neck hackle, breast, and flight feathers, are rounded and of a brownish colur finely pencilled with black; the breast feathers are similiar in structure, but are salmon in colour. The male, on the other hand, is a more highly coloured bird; the red or orange saddle feathers are long, lanceolate, and deeply fringed, while those of the breast and wing bar are a solid black and unfringed, and approach more nearly in structure to the female type.

scholarly journals Modulation of appetite by gonadal steroid hormones

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1471) ◽  
pp. 1251-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Asarian ◽  
Nori Geary
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gonadal Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gonadal Steroid ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Rats And Mice

Several sex differences in eating, their control by gonadal steroid hormones and their peripheral and central mediating mechanisms are reviewed. Adult female rats and mice as well as women eat less during the peri-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle (estrus in rats and mice) than other phases, an effect under the control of cyclic changes in estradiol secretion. Women also appear to eat more sweets during the luteal phase of the cycle than other phases, possibly due to simultaneous increases in estradiol and progesterone. In rats and mice, gonadectomy reveals further sex differences: orchiectomy decreases food intake by decreasing meal frequency and ovariectomy increases food intake by increasing meal size. These changes are reversed by testosterone and estradiol treatment, respectively. A variety of peripheral feedback controls of eating, including ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, hepatic fatty acid oxidation, insulin and leptin, has been shown to be estradiol-sensitive under at least some conditions and may mediate the estrogenic inhibition of eating. Of these, most progress has been made in the case of CCK. Neurons expressing estrogen receptor-α in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem appear to increase their sensitivity to CCK-induced vagal afferent input so as to lead to an increase in the satiating potency of CCK, and consequently decreased food intake, during the peri-ovulatory period in rats. Central serotonergic mechanisms also appear to be part of the effect of estradiol on eating. The physiological roles of other peripheral feedback controls of eating and their central mediators remain to be established.

Sex differences in number of estrogen receptors in rat liver cytosol

1990 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
L. L. Ignatenko ◽  
G. D. Mataradze ◽  
A. F. Bunyatyan ◽  
V. B. Rozen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cytosol ◽  
Rat Liver Cytosol

SEX DIFFERENCES AND THE EFFECT OF GONADECTOMY ON MORPHINE-INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION AND DEPENDENCE IN RATS AND MICE

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Ali ◽  
S. I. Sharif ◽  
A. Elkadi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rats And Mice

Inbreeding and sex differences in rats and mice: A rejoinder to Gray

1979 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Archer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Sex differences in androgen sulphate formation in rats and mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 12P-13P ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rats And Mice
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