Functional alterations of large-scale brain networks related to cognitive control in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common disorder and usually runs a chronic course with waxing and waning course. It leads to pervasive impairments in multiple domains of life. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic characteristics of the OCD patients and symptom severity of this disorder. This was a cross-sectional study done in OCD clinic of outpatient department (OPD) of BSMMU, during the period from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Four hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected consecutively. After taking written consent a predetermined questionnaire was filled for each patient through face-to-face interview. Then patients were evaluated covering the following areas: Axis I diagnoses (DSM-IV) and Y-BOCS severity scale. The results showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 26.6 (SD±9.9) years, ranging from 8 to 63 years. According to Y-BOCS symptoms severity used for adult patients found that majority (70%) of the patients had moderate to severe sufferings. Male had co-morbid anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia) more but female patients were found more depressive disorders. Female had more hypothyroidism, diabetes, skin disorders and hypertension than male. These demographic status, co-morbidity profile and symptoms severity can serve as the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale, multi-centered study would better generalize the study results. Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 23-26

Download Full-text

Integrative Analysis of shared Genetic Pathogenesis by Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

10.21203/rs.2.9334/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dongbai Liu ◽

Hongbao Cao ◽

Kamil Can Kural ◽

Qi Fang ◽

Fuquan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Large Scale ◽

Genetic Network ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

P Value ◽

Genetic Associations ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Background Many common pathological features have been observed for both autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, no systematic analysis of the common gene markers associated both ASD and OCD has been conducted so far. Results Here, two batches of large-scale literature based disease-gene relation data (updated in 2017 and 2019, respectively) and gene expression data were integrated to study the possible association between OCD and ASD at the genetic level. Genes linked to OCD and ASD present significant overlap (p-value<2.64e-39). A genetic network of over 20 genes was constructed, through which OCD and ASD may exert influence on each other. The 2017-based analysis suggested six potential common risk genes for OCD and ASD (CDH2, ADCY8, APOE, TSPO, TOR1A, and OLIG2), and the 2019-based study identified two more genes (DISP1 and SETD1A). Notably, the gene APOE identified by the 2017-based analysis has been implicated to have an association with ASD in a recently study (2018) with DNA methylation analysis. Conclusions Our results support the possible complex genetic associations between OCD and ASD. Genes linked to one disease is worthy of further investigation as potential risk factors for the other.

Download Full-text

Cognitive control networks in OCD: A resting-state connectivity study in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/15622975.2017.1353132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 230-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Froukje E. de Vries ◽

Stella J. de Wit ◽

Odile A. van den Heuvel ◽

Dick J. Veltman ◽

Danielle C. Cath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Resting State ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Control Networks ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Resting State Connectivity

Download Full-text

Clinical Profile and Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observation in Bangladesh

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2016/9029630 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Md. Hafizur Rahman Chowdhury ◽

Mohammad S. I. Mullick ◽

S. M. Yasir Arafat

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Large Scale ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tic Disorder ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Study Results ◽

Mental Acts ◽

Age Range

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder characterised by persistent and unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and urges and repetitive behaviours or mental acts and can cause pervasive impairments. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of OCD among children is 2% which is higher than in previous reporting. This study was aimed at looking into the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms of OCD and comorbidity among children and adolescents. A consecutive 60 OCD cases from a child mental health service with age range of 5–18 years were recruited and divided into below and above 12 years of age group. The assessment was carried out using standardized Bangla version of Development and Wellbeing Assessment and Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered. Of the obsession, contamination was the highest followed by doubt, and of the compulsion, washing/cleaning was the highest followed by checking, repeating, and ordering rituals. More than half of the subjects had severe OCD and comorbidity was present in 58% subjects. Specific phobia, social phobia, major depressive disorder, and tic disorder were more prevalent. These symptoms and comorbidity profile can serve the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale study would better generalize the study results.

Download Full-text

O23. Dysfunction of Brain Networks in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is Related to the Severity of Symptoms

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.309 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 (9) ◽

pp. S117

Author(s):

Christiaan Vriend ◽

Bastiaan Bijleveld ◽

Linda Douw ◽

Stella J. de Wit ◽

Ysbrand D. van der Werf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Brain Networks ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Download Full-text

Role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder: converging evidence from cognitive neuroscience and psychiatric neurosurgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2016.1.jns15601 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 132-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Robert A. McGovern ◽

Sameer A. Sheth

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Functional Neuroimaging ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Compulsive Disorder

OBJECTIVE Advances in understanding the neurobiological basis of psychiatric disorders will improve the ability to refine neuromodulatory procedures for treatment-refractory patients. One of the core dysfunctions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a deficit in cognitive control, especially involving the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The authors' aim was to derive a neurobiological understanding of the successful treatment of refractory OCD with psychiatric neurosurgical procedures targeting the dACC. METHODS First, the authors systematically conducted a review of the literature on the role of the dACC in OCD by using the search terms “obsessive compulsive disorder” and “anterior cingulate.” The neuroscience literature on cognitive control mechanisms in the dACC was then combined with the literature on psychiatric neurosurgical procedures targeting the dACC for the treatment of refractory OCD. RESULTS The authors reviewed 89 studies covering topics that included structural and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiology. The majority of resting-state functional neuroimaging studies demonstrated dACC hyperactivity in patients with OCD relative to that in controls, while task-based studies were more variable. Electrophysiological studies showed altered dACC-related biomarkers of cognitive control, such as error-related negativity in OCD patients. These studies were combined with the cognitive control neurophysiology literature, including the recently elaborated expected value of control theory of dACC function. The authors suggest that a central feature of OCD pathophysiology involves the generation of mis-specified cognitive control signals by the dACC, and they elaborate on this theory and provide suggestions for further study. CONCLUSIONS Although abnormalities in brain structure and function in OCD are distributed across a wide network, the dACC plays a central role. The authors propose a theory of cognitive control dysfunction in OCD that attempts to explain the therapeutic efficacy of dACC neuromodulation. This theoretical framework should help to guide further research into targeted treatments of OCD and other disorders of cognitive control.

Download Full-text