scholarly journals Demography and symptom severity of obsessive compulsive disorder in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Sultana Algin ◽  
Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib ◽  
SM Yasir Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Axis I

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common disorder and usually runs a chronic course with waxing and waning course. It leads to pervasive impairments in multiple domains of life. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic characteristics of the OCD patients and symptom severity of this disorder. This was a cross-sectional study done in OCD clinic of outpatient department (OPD) of BSMMU, during the period from May, 2015 to April, 2017. Four hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected consecutively. After taking written consent a predetermined questionnaire was filled for each patient through face-to-face interview. Then patients were evaluated covering the following areas: Axis I diagnoses (DSM-IV) and Y-BOCS severity scale. The results showed that, the mean age of the respondents was 26.6 (SD±9.9) years, ranging from 8 to 63 years. According to Y-BOCS symptoms severity used for adult patients found that majority (70%) of the patients had moderate to severe sufferings. Male had co-morbid anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia) more but female patients were found more depressive disorders. Female had more hypothyroidism, diabetes, skin disorders and hypertension than male. These demographic status, co-morbidity profile and symptoms severity can serve as the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale, multi-centered study would better generalize the study results. Bang J Psychiatry December 2016; 30(2): 23-26

scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Comorbidity of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Observation in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hafizur Rahman Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad S. I. Mullick ◽  
S. M. Yasir Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mental Acts ◽  
Age Range

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder characterised by persistent and unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and urges and repetitive behaviours or mental acts and can cause pervasive impairments. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of OCD among children is 2% which is higher than in previous reporting. This study was aimed at looking into the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms of OCD and comorbidity among children and adolescents. A consecutive 60 OCD cases from a child mental health service with age range of 5–18 years were recruited and divided into below and above 12 years of age group. The assessment was carried out using standardized Bangla version of Development and Wellbeing Assessment and Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was administered. Of the obsession, contamination was the highest followed by doubt, and of the compulsion, washing/cleaning was the highest followed by checking, repeating, and ordering rituals. More than half of the subjects had severe OCD and comorbidity was present in 58% subjects. Specific phobia, social phobia, major depressive disorder, and tic disorder were more prevalent. These symptoms and comorbidity profile can serve the baseline data for a country like Bangladesh and further large scale study would better generalize the study results.

scholarly journals Symmetry Dimension in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Prevalence, Severity and Clinical Correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Aline P. Vellozo ◽  
Leonardo F. Fontenelle ◽  
Ricardo C. Torresan ◽  
Roseli G. Shavitt ◽  
Ygor A. Ferrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Axis I

Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a very heterogeneous condition that frequently includes symptoms of the “symmetry dimension” (i.e., obsessions and/or compulsions of symmetry, ordering, repetition, and counting), along with aggressive, sexual/religious, contamination/cleaning, and hoarding dimensions. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and demographic and clinical correlates of the symmetry dimension among 1001 outpatients from the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. The main assessment instruments used were the Dimensional Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale, the USP-Sensory Phenomena Scale, the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, Student’s t-tests, and Mann–Whitney tests were used in the bivariate analyses to compare patients with and without symptoms of the symmetry dimension. Odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals and Cohen’s D were also calculated as effect size measures. Finally, a logistic regression was performed to control for confounders. Results: The symmetry dimension was highly prevalent (86.8%) in this large clinical sample and, in the logistic regression, it remained associated with earlier onset of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, insidious onset of compulsions, more severe depressive symptoms, and presence of sensory phenomena. Conclusions: A deeper knowledge about specific OCD dimensions is essential for a better understanding and management of this complex and multifaceted disorder.

scholarly journals Punishment promotes response control deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from a motivational go/no-go task

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morein-Zamir ◽  
M. Papmeyer ◽  
C. M. Gillan ◽  
M. J. Crockett ◽  
N. A. Fineberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Response Style ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Response Control ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Reward And Punishment

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with response inhibition deficits under motivationally neutral contingencies. We examined response inhibition performance in the presence of reward and punishment. We further investigated whether the hypothesized difficulties in flexibly updating behaviour based on external feedback in OCD would also lead to a reduced ability to adjust to changes in the reward and punishment contingencies.MethodParticipants completed a go/no-go task that used punishments or rewards to promote response activation or suppression. The task was administered to OCD patients free of current Axis-I co-morbidities including major depression (n = 20) and a group of healthy controls (n = 32).ResultsCompared with controls, patients with OCD had increased commission errors in punishment conditions, and failed to slow down immediately after receiving punishment. The punishment-induced increase in commission errors correlated with self-report measures of OCD symptom severity. Additionally, patients did not differ from controls in adapting their overall response style to the changes in task contingencies.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD showed reduced response control selectively under punishment conditions, manifesting in an impulsive response style that was related to their current symptom severity. This stresses failures of cognitive control in OCD, particularly under negative motivational contingencies.

Hypogyrification in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. Rus ◽  
T. J. Reess ◽  
G. Wagner ◽  
M. Zaudig ◽  
C. Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Gyrification Index

BackgroundPrevious studies hypothesized that neurodevelopmental risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Cortical folding has been shown to be a reliable indicator for normal and altered neurodevelopment, but in OCD it has barely been investigated up to now. The present study investigates whether alterations in gyrification are detectable in OCD and, if so, how these are associated with clinical characteristics.MethodWe compared the local Gyrification Index (lGI) between 75 OCD patients and 75 matched healthy subjects across the whole brain. In addition, for those regions exhibiting an altered lGI in patients we explored a potential relationship to symptom severity, age of onset, and influence of medication.ResultsOCD patients had a significantly decreased lGI in right parietal, precentral but also insula, temporal, pars triangularis and rostral middle frontal regions compared to healthy subjects. A positive association with age of onset was found but no association with symptom severity. There was no effect of co-morbidity or medication.ConclusionsThe reduced gyrification found in OCD confirms previous findings in other psychiatric disorders and suggests that alterations may already occur during early stages of brain development. Our findings support the idea that altered cortical folding might represent a trait characteristic of the disorder although longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the trajectory of this morphological measure in OCD.

Long-Term Efficacy of Exposure and Ritual Prevention Therapy and Serotonergic Medications for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Hembree ◽  
David S. Riggs ◽  
Michael J. Kozak ◽  
Martin E. Franklin ◽  
Edna B. Foa
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACTWhat is the long-term outcome of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who are treatred with exposure and response (ritual) prevention (EX/RP) alone, serotonergic medications alone, or their combination? How is the long-term outcome of these patients affected by the discontinuation? Follow-up assessments were conducted with 62 patients treated for OCD an average of 17 months posttreatment (range: 6–43 months). Patients received one of three treatments: serotonergic medications (fluvoxamine or clomipramine), intensive behavior therapy involving EX/RP, or intensive EX/RP with concurrent antidepressant medication. At follow-up, no differences in OCD symptom severity were found among the three treatment groups. However, when current medication use was taken into consideration, differences among the three treatment groups emerged. Among patients who were medication-free at the time of follow-up assessment (n=37), those in the EX/RP-alone and EX/RP-with-medication groups had lower symptom severity ratings than those in the medication-only group on 4 out of 6 measures. There were no differences in OCD severity ratings among patients taking medications at follow-up (n=25). Although these findings are interpreted with caution due to the uncontrolled nature of the study, results suggested that long-term outcome may be superior following EX/RP than following serotonergic medications, after discontinuation. For patients who remain on medications, the treatment produced benefits equivalent to EX/RP.

Neurosurgery for obsessive-compulsive disorder, other anxiety disorders and depressive disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MB Christmas ◽  
Ian Crombie ◽  
Sam Eljamel ◽  
Naomi Fineberg ◽  
Bob MacVicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

scholarly journals Childhood neuropsychological deficits associated with adult obsessive–compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Grisham ◽  
Tracy M. Anderson ◽  
Richie Poulton ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Neuropsychological Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visuomotor Skills

BackgroundExisting neuropsychological studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) are cross-sectional and do not provide evidence of whether deficits are trait-related (antecedent and independent of symptomatology) or state-related (a consequence, dependent on symptomatology).AimsTo investigate whether there are premorbid neuropsychological deficits associated with adult OCD.MethodLongitudinal data were collected from participants of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental study. Neuropsychological data collected at age 13 were linked with age 32 diagnosis of OCD.ResultsThe group who had OCD at age 32 differed significantly from the control group with no OCD on their performance at age 13 on neuropsychological tests of visuospatial, visuoconstructive and visuomotor skills, controlling for gender and socioeconomic status, but did not differ on tests of general IQ or verbal ability. Performance of the group with OCD on tests of executive functioning was mixed.ConclusionsIndividuals with OCD have premorbid impairment in visuospatial abilities and some forms of executive functioning, consistent with biological models of OCD.

scholarly journals Assessment of in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Sarah Alaa Mohsen ◽  
Fatma Ahmed El Deeb ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Mai Abd El-Raouf Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and potentially debilitating disorder. Neuropsychological assessment provides unique complementary information that is critical for evaluating higher cortical abilities. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions in OCD patients which can then point to the brain structures or pathways and to study the correlation between these assessments and different clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional case control study had included sixty patients who were divided into two groups, Group I: thirty OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and Group II: thirty healthy controls who were recruited from the community, matched with patients’ age, gender, and education. Results: The age of onset in our study was 19.13 ± 0.35 years, the mean duration was 7.44 ± 3.88 years, 40% of the studied cases had severe OCD symptoms and 33.3% of them were compulsive cleaners. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding WCST in favor of the control group. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding ROCF where the control group showed better results than the OCD patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychological test performance remains an informative and objective means of investigation, especially when applied to psychiatric disorders. The executive functions in OCD patients were impaired in comparison to the normal study subjects.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
John Wallert ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

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