Use of DNA sequencing for noncommunicable diseases in low‐income and middle‐income countries' primary care settings: A narrative synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Maria González‐Robledo ◽  
Edson Serván‐Mori ◽  
Anaid Casas‐López ◽  
Sergio Flores‐Hernández ◽  
María Lilia Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Primary Care Settings

scholarly journals Getting research into practice: primary care management of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walley ◽  
Kirstie Graham ◽  
Xiaolin Wei ◽  
Kirti Kain ◽  
Rachel Weston
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Primary Care Management ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Systematic review of early abortion services in low- and middle-income country primary care: potential for reverse innovation and application in the UK context

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacy Zhou ◽  
Rebecca Blaylock ◽  
Matthew Harris
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Service Delivery Models ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Delivery Models ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background In the UK, according to the 1967 Abortion Act, all abortions must be approved by two doctors, reported to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), and be performed by doctors within licensed premises. Removing abortion from the criminal framework could permit new service delivery models. We explore service delivery models in primary care settings that can improve accessibility without negatively impacting the safety and efficiency of abortion services. Novel service delivery models are common in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) due to resource constraints, and services are sometimes provided by trained, mid-level providers via “task-shifting”. The aim of this study is to explore the quality of early abortion services provided in primary care of LMICs and explore the potential benefits of extending their application to the UK context. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Maternity and Infant Care, CINAHL, and HMIC for studies published from September 1994 to February 2020, with search terms “nurses”, “midwives”, “general physicians”, “early medical/surgical abortion”. We included studies that examined the quality of abortion care in primary care settings of low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), and excluded studies in countries where abortion is illegal, and those of services provided by independent NGOs. We conducted a thematic analysis and narrative synthesis to identify indicators of quality care at structural, process and outcome levels of the Donabedian model. Results A total of 21 indicators under 8 subthemes were identified to examine the quality of service provision: law and policy, infrastructure, technical competency, information provision, client-provider interactions, ancillary services, complete abortions, client satisfaction. Our analysis suggests that structural, process and outcome indicators follow a mediation pathway of the Donabedian model. This review showed that providing early medical abortion in primary care services is safe and feasible and “task-shifting” to mid-level providers can effectively replace doctors in providing abortion. Conclusion The way services are organised in LMICs, using a task-shifted and decentralised model, results in high quality services that should be considered for adoption in the UK. Collaboration with professional medical bodies and governmental departments is necessary to expand services from secondary to primary care.

scholarly journals A narrative synthesis of illustrative evidence on effects of capitation payment for primary care: lessons for Ghana and other low/middle-income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis-Xavier Andoh-Adjei ◽  
Ernst Spaan ◽  
Felix A Asante ◽  
Sylvester A. Mensah ◽  
Koos Van der Velden
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Capitation Payment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Gaps in Capacity in Primary Care in Low-Resource Settings for Implementation of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mendis ◽  
Igbal Al Bashir ◽  
Lanka Dissanayake ◽  
Cherian Varghese ◽  
Ibtihal Fadhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Objective.The objective was to evaluate the capacity of primary care (PC) facilities to implement basic interventions for prevention and management of major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Methods.A cross-sectional survey was done in eight low- and middle-income countries (Benin, Bhutan, Eritrea, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, and Vietnam) in 90 PC facilities randomly selected. The survey included questions on the availability of human resources, equipment, infrastructure, medicines, utilization of services, financing, medical information, and referral systems.Results and Conclusions.Major deficits were identified in health financing, access to basic technologies and medicines, medical information systems, and the health workforce. The study has provided the foundation for strengthening PC to address noncommunicable diseases. There are important implications of the findings of this study for all low- and middle-income countries as capacity of PC is fundamental for equitable prevention and control of NCDs.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries

AIDS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. S5-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragna Patel ◽  
Charles E. Rose ◽  
Pamela Y. Collins ◽  
Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer ◽  
Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Socioeconomic position and body composition in childhood in high- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charis Bridger Staatz ◽  
Yvonne Kelly ◽  
Rebecca E. Lacey ◽  
Joanna M. Blodgett ◽  
Anitha George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Abstract Background The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height, has been extensively reviewed in children, showing consistent associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher BMI in high-income countries (HICs) and lower BMI in middle-income countries (MICs). Fat mass (FM), a more accurate measure of adiposity, and fat-free mass (FFM) are not captured by BMI, but have been shown to track from childhood to adulthood, and be important for cardiovascular health and functional outcomes in later life. It is not clear whether body composition is associated with SEP. We systematically reviewed the association between SEP and body composition in childhood. Methods A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019119937). Original studies in the English language, which examined the association between SEP and body composition in childhood, were included. An electronic search of three databases was conducted. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Due to heterogeneity in results, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Heterogeneity in findings according to SEP, sex, body composition measure and country income level was investigated. Results 50 papers were included, the majority from HICs. No papers were from low-income countries. Disadvantage in childhood was associated with greater FM and lower FFM in HICs, but with lower FM and lower FFM in MICs. When measures of FFM indexed to height were used there was no evidence of associations with SEP. In HICs, more studies reported associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher FM among girls comparative to boys. Conclusions Inequalities in FM are evident in HICs and, in the opposite direction, in MICs and follow similar trends to inequalities for BMI. Inequalities in height are likely important in understanding inequalities in FFM.

The reality of the Noncommunicable disease policy landscape in Low Income Countries: the example of Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatia Rebeca Munguambe ◽  
Tavares Madede ◽  
Vasco Muchanga ◽  
Claire Somerville ◽  
David Henri Beran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Government Documents

Abstract Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a disproportionate burden affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Mozambique, is a low income country situated in Southern Africa with an emerging burden of NCDs, but still facing a large challenge with regards to communicable diseases. Using the policy prioritisation framework developed by Shiffman and Smith this study aims to present the different elements that have shaped the current policy landscape for NCDs in Mozambique.Results The policy review identified 18 documents, and seven KIs were interviewed. The policy community could be seen as cohesive in that a few leading experts in Mozambique agreed on both the challenges of NCDs and the possible response, but overall leadership was lacking. Although the Ministry of Health and its NCD Department were seen as the guiding institutions the Department was not resourced to be able to fulfil its mandate. Some external resources were available to assist, but these were insufficient. In addition civil society mobilisation was missing. With regards to ideas three disconnects were present: language used in overarching government documents and their translation into practice; the views of experts; and the perceptions of NCDs in a context like Mozambique in contrast to other health issues. The NCD Department and different strategies and government documents laid out the governing structure, but again a lack of resources hampered progress. This was compounded by a lack of understanding of the problem and solutions, as well as barriers to integrate the NCD response with HIV/AIDS for example. Conclusions This study shows that despite gaining prominence on the global health agenda, NCDs have yet to truly gain a strong foothold on the policy agenda of LMICs such as Mozambique. In order to do this both governments and donors need to be sensitised to this issue as well as clear guidance developed to enable countries to have practical solutions to address both prevention and treatment of NCDs in underfunded and weak health systems, but also be able to build on existing initiatives to improve the health and well-being of populations.

Mental health and its social determinants

2018 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Mirai Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Mental Health Policy ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
The Self ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Services Integration

Women show higher rates of many psychiatric disorders. They also look after ill family members, adding to their distress and stress. They are more likely to face poor social conditions such as overcrowding poverty and insecure employment. The Self Employed Women’s’ Association was established nearly 50 years ago. It supports and empowers women and this chapters draws some observations that may help others in low- and middle-income countries. The chapter illustrates a need for major changes in mental health policy and implementation, especially in relation to health care in primary care settings with appropriate access to referral services. Integration of public health and primary care is a possible option. Policymakers and legislators in India and other emerging countries need to work with civil society and localpeople to develop and deliver ways in which social determinants of mental health can be addressed, and with peopleat the centre of all efforts.

scholarly journals Assessment of quality of primary care with facility surveys: a descriptive analysis in ten low-income and middle-income countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e1176-e1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlyn K Macarayan ◽  
Anna D Gage ◽  
Svetlana V Doubova ◽  
Frederico Guanais ◽  
Ephrem T Lemango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Quality Of Primary Care
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